:: FCONT_1 semantic presentation begin definition let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let x0 be real number ; predf is_continuous_in x0 means :Def1: :: FCONT_1:def 1 for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ); end; :: deftheorem Def1 defines is_continuous_in FCONT_1:def_1_:_ for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL for x0 being real number holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ); theorem Th1: :: FCONT_1:1 for X being set for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in X & f is_continuous_in x0 holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in X & f is_continuous_in x0 holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in X & f is_continuous_in x0 holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in X & f is_continuous_in x0 implies f | X is_continuous_in x0 ) assume that A1: x0 in X and A2: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x0 let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f | X) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . x0 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) ) assume that A3: rng s1 c= dom (f | X) and A4: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . x0 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) dom (f | X) = X /\ (dom f) by RELAT_1:61; then A5: rng s1 c= dom f by A3, XBOOLE_1:18; A6: (f | X) /* s1 = f /* s1 by A3, FUNCT_2:117; hence (f | X) /* s1 is convergent by A2, A4, A5, Def1; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x0 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) thus (f | X) . x0 = f . x0 by A1, FUNCT_1:49 .= lim ((f | X) /* s1) by A2, A4, A5, A6, Def1 ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:2 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) thus ( f is_continuous_in x0 implies for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) by Def1; ::_thesis: ( ( for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A1: for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds s1 . n <> x0 ) holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 let s2 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s2 c= dom f & s2 is convergent & lim s2 = x0 implies ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) ) assume that A2: rng s2 c= dom f and A3: ( s2 is convergent & lim s2 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) now__::_thesis:_(_f_/*_s2_is_convergent_&_f_._x0_=_lim_(f_/*_s2)_) percases ( ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds s2 . m = x0 or for n being Element of NAT ex m being Element of NAT st ( n <= m & s2 . m <> x0 ) ) ; suppose ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds s2 . m = x0 ; ::_thesis: ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) then consider N being Element of NAT such that A4: for m being Element of NAT st N <= m holds s2 . m = x0 ; A5: for n being Element of NAT holds (s2 ^\ N) . n = x0 proof let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: (s2 ^\ N) . n = x0 s2 . (n + N) = x0 by A4, NAT_1:12; hence (s2 ^\ N) . n = x0 by NAT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; A6: f /* (s2 ^\ N) = (f /* s2) ^\ N by A2, VALUED_0:27; A7: rng (s2 ^\ N) c= rng s2 by VALUED_0:21; A8: now__::_thesis:_for_p_being_real_number_st_p_>_0_holds_ ex_n_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ for_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_n_<=_m_holds_ abs_(((f_/*_(s2_^\_N))_._m)_-_(f_._x0))_<_p let p be real number ; ::_thesis: ( p > 0 implies ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume A9: p > 0 ; ::_thesis: ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p take n = 0 ; ::_thesis: for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p let m be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( n <= m implies abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume n <= m ; ::_thesis: abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) = abs ((f . ((s2 ^\ N) . m)) - (f . x0)) by A2, A7, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1 .= abs ((f . x0) - (f . x0)) by A5 .= 0 by ABSVALUE:2 ; hence abs (((f /* (s2 ^\ N)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p by A9; ::_thesis: verum end; then A10: f /* (s2 ^\ N) is convergent by SEQ_2:def_6; then f . x0 = lim ((f /* s2) ^\ N) by A8, A6, SEQ_2:def_7; hence ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) by A10, A6, SEQ_4:20, SEQ_4:21; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA11: for n being Element of NAT ex m being Element of NAT st ( n <= m & s2 . m <> x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) defpred S1[ Element of NAT , set , set ] means for n, m being Element of NAT st $2 = n & $3 = m holds ( n < m & s2 . m <> x0 & ( for k being Element of NAT st n < k & s2 . k <> x0 holds m <= k ) ); defpred S2[ set ] means s2 . $1 <> x0; ex m1 being Element of NAT st ( 0 <= m1 & s2 . m1 <> x0 ) by A11; then A12: ex m being Nat st S2[m] ; consider M being Nat such that A13: ( S2[M] & ( for n being Nat st S2[n] holds M <= n ) ) from NAT_1:sch_5(A12); reconsider M9 = M as Element of NAT by ORDINAL1:def_12; A14: now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_ex_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ (_n_<_m_&_s2_._m_<>_x0_) let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ex m being Element of NAT st ( n < m & s2 . m <> x0 ) consider m being Element of NAT such that A15: ( n + 1 <= m & s2 . m <> x0 ) by A11; take m = m; ::_thesis: ( n < m & s2 . m <> x0 ) thus ( n < m & s2 . m <> x0 ) by A15, NAT_1:13; ::_thesis: verum end; A16: for n, x being Element of NAT ex y being Element of NAT st S1[n,x,y] proof let n, x be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ex y being Element of NAT st S1[n,x,y] defpred S3[ Nat] means ( x < $1 & s2 . $1 <> x0 ); ex m being Element of NAT st S3[m] by A14; then A17: ex m being Nat st S3[m] ; consider l being Nat such that A18: ( S3[l] & ( for k being Nat st S3[k] holds l <= k ) ) from NAT_1:sch_5(A17); take l ; ::_thesis: ( l is Element of REAL & l is Element of NAT & S1[n,x,l] ) l in NAT by ORDINAL1:def_12; hence ( l is Element of REAL & l is Element of NAT & S1[n,x,l] ) by A18; ::_thesis: verum end; consider F being Function of NAT,NAT such that A19: ( F . 0 = M9 & ( for n being Element of NAT holds S1[n,F . n,F . (n + 1)] ) ) from RECDEF_1:sch_2(A16); A20: rng F c= REAL by XBOOLE_1:1; A21: rng F c= NAT ; A22: dom F = NAT by FUNCT_2:def_1; then reconsider F = F as Real_Sequence by A20, RELSET_1:4; A23: now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_F_._n_is_Element_of_NAT let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: F . n is Element of NAT F . n in rng F by A22, FUNCT_1:def_3; hence F . n is Element of NAT by A21; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_F_._n_<_F_._(n_+_1) let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: F . n < F . (n + 1) ( F . n is Element of NAT & F . (n + 1) is Element of NAT ) by A23; hence F . n < F . (n + 1) by A19; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider F = F as V39() sequence of NAT by SEQM_3:def_6; A24: ( s2 * F is convergent & lim (s2 * F) = x0 ) by A3, SEQ_4:16, SEQ_4:17; A25: for n being Element of NAT st s2 . n <> x0 holds ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = n proof defpred S3[ set ] means ( s2 . $1 <> x0 & ( for m being Element of NAT holds F . m <> $1 ) ); assume ex n being Element of NAT st S3[n] ; ::_thesis: contradiction then A26: ex n being Nat st S3[n] ; consider M1 being Nat such that A27: ( S3[M1] & ( for n being Nat st S3[n] holds M1 <= n ) ) from NAT_1:sch_5(A26); defpred S4[ Nat] means ( $1 < M1 & s2 . $1 <> x0 & ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = $1 ); A28: ex n being Nat st S4[n] proof take M ; ::_thesis: S4[M] ( M <= M1 & M <> M1 ) by A13, A19, A27; hence M < M1 by XXREAL_0:1; ::_thesis: ( s2 . M <> x0 & ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = M ) thus s2 . M <> x0 by A13; ::_thesis: ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = M take 0 ; ::_thesis: F . 0 = M thus F . 0 = M by A19; ::_thesis: verum end; A29: for n being Nat st S4[n] holds n <= M1 ; consider MX being Nat such that A30: ( S4[MX] & ( for n being Nat st S4[n] holds n <= MX ) ) from NAT_1:sch_6(A29, A28); A31: for k being Element of NAT st MX < k & k < M1 holds s2 . k = x0 proof given k being Element of NAT such that A32: MX < k and A33: ( k < M1 & s2 . k <> x0 ) ; ::_thesis: contradiction now__::_thesis:_contradiction percases ( ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = k or for m being Element of NAT holds F . m <> k ) ; suppose ex m being Element of NAT st F . m = k ; ::_thesis: contradiction hence contradiction by A30, A32, A33; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose for m being Element of NAT holds F . m <> k ; ::_thesis: contradiction hence contradiction by A27, A33; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence contradiction ; ::_thesis: verum end; consider m being Element of NAT such that A34: F . m = MX by A30; A35: ( MX < F . (m + 1) & s2 . (F . (m + 1)) <> x0 ) by A19, A34; M1 in NAT by ORDINAL1:def_12; then A36: F . (m + 1) <= M1 by A19, A27, A30, A34; now__::_thesis:_not_F_._(m_+_1)_<>_M1 assume F . (m + 1) <> M1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction then F . (m + 1) < M1 by A36, XXREAL_0:1; hence contradiction by A31, A35; ::_thesis: verum end; hence contradiction by A27; ::_thesis: verum end; A37: for n being Element of NAT holds (s2 * F) . n <> x0 proof defpred S3[ Element of NAT ] means (s2 * F) . $1 <> x0; A38: for k being Element of NAT st S3[k] holds S3[k + 1] proof let k be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( S3[k] implies S3[k + 1] ) assume (s2 * F) . k <> x0 ; ::_thesis: S3[k + 1] S1[k,F . k,F . (k + 1)] by A19; then s2 . (F . (k + 1)) <> x0 ; hence S3[k + 1] by FUNCT_2:15; ::_thesis: verum end; A39: S3[ 0 ] by A13, A19, FUNCT_2:15; thus for n being Element of NAT holds S3[n] from NAT_1:sch_1(A39, A38); ::_thesis: verum end; A40: rng (s2 * F) c= rng s2 by VALUED_0:21; then rng (s2 * F) c= dom f by A2, XBOOLE_1:1; then A41: ( f /* (s2 * F) is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* (s2 * F)) ) by A1, A37, A24; A42: now__::_thesis:_for_p_being_real_number_st_0_<_p_holds_ ex_k_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ for_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_k_<=_m_holds_ abs_(((f_/*_s2)_._m)_-_(f_._x0))_<_p let p be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < p implies ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume A43: 0 < p ; ::_thesis: ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p then consider n being Element of NAT such that A44: for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs (((f /* (s2 * F)) . m) - (f . x0)) < p by A41, SEQ_2:def_7; take k = F . n; ::_thesis: for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p let m be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( k <= m implies abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume A45: k <= m ; ::_thesis: abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p now__::_thesis:_abs_(((f_/*_s2)_._m)_-_(f_._x0))_<_p percases ( s2 . m = x0 or s2 . m <> x0 ) ; suppose s2 . m = x0 ; ::_thesis: abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p then abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) = abs ((f . x0) - (f . x0)) by A2, FUNCT_2:108 .= 0 by ABSVALUE:2 ; hence abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p by A43; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose s2 . m <> x0 ; ::_thesis: abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p then consider l being Element of NAT such that A46: m = F . l by A25; n <= l by A45, A46, SEQM_3:1; then abs (((f /* (s2 * F)) . l) - (f . x0)) < p by A44; then abs ((f . ((s2 * F) . l)) - (f . x0)) < p by A2, A40, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1; then abs ((f . (s2 . m)) - (f . x0)) < p by A46, FUNCT_2:15; hence abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p by A2, FUNCT_2:108; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence abs (((f /* s2) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f /* s2 is convergent by SEQ_2:def_6; ::_thesis: f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) hence f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) by A42, SEQ_2:def_7; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence ( f /* s2 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s2) ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th3: :: FCONT_1:3 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) thus ( f is_continuous_in x0 implies for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) ::_thesis: ( ( for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) proof assume A1: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) given r being real number such that A2: 0 < r and A3: for s being real number holds ( not 0 < s or ex x1 being real number st ( x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s & not abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ; ::_thesis: contradiction defpred S1[ Element of NAT , real number ] means ( $2 in dom f & abs ($2 - x0) < 1 / ($1 + 1) & not abs ((f . $2) - (f . x0)) < r ); A4: for n being Element of NAT ex p being Real st S1[n,p] proof let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ex p being Real st S1[n,p] 0 < (n + 1) " ; then 0 < 1 / (n + 1) by XCMPLX_1:215; then consider p being real number such that A5: ( p in dom f & abs (p - x0) < 1 / (n + 1) & not abs ((f . p) - (f . x0)) < r ) by A3; take p ; ::_thesis: ( p is Real & S1[n,p] ) thus ( p is Real & S1[n,p] ) by A5; ::_thesis: verum end; consider s1 being Real_Sequence such that A6: for n being Element of NAT holds S1[n,s1 . n] from FUNCT_2:sch_3(A4); A7: rng s1 c= dom f proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in rng s1 or x in dom f ) assume x in rng s1 ; ::_thesis: x in dom f then ex n being Element of NAT st x = s1 . n by FUNCT_2:113; hence x in dom f by A6; ::_thesis: verum end; A8: now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_not_abs_(((f_/*_s1)_._n)_-_(f_._x0))_<_r let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: not abs (((f /* s1) . n) - (f . x0)) < r not abs ((f . (s1 . n)) - (f . x0)) < r by A6; hence not abs (((f /* s1) . n) - (f . x0)) < r by A7, FUNCT_2:108; ::_thesis: verum end; A9: now__::_thesis:_for_s_being_real_number_st_0_<_s_holds_ ex_k_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ for_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_k_<=_m_holds_ abs_((s1_._m)_-_x0)_<_s let s be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s implies ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s ) assume A10: 0 < s ; ::_thesis: ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s consider n being Element of NAT such that A11: s " < n by SEQ_4:3; (s ") + 0 < n + 1 by A11, XREAL_1:8; then 1 / (n + 1) < 1 / (s ") by A10, XREAL_1:76; then A12: 1 / (n + 1) < s by XCMPLX_1:216; take k = n; ::_thesis: for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s let m be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( k <= m implies abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s ) assume k <= m ; ::_thesis: abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s then k + 1 <= m + 1 by XREAL_1:6; then 1 / (m + 1) <= 1 / (k + 1) by XREAL_1:118; then 1 / (m + 1) < s by A12, XXREAL_0:2; hence abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s by A6, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; then A13: s1 is convergent by SEQ_2:def_6; then lim s1 = x0 by A9, SEQ_2:def_7; then ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) by A1, A7, A13, Def1; then consider n being Element of NAT such that A14: for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < r by A2, SEQ_2:def_7; abs (((f /* s1) . n) - (f . x0)) < r by A14; hence contradiction by A8; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A15: for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_f_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_x0_holds_ (_f_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_f_._x0_=_lim_(f_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) ) assume that A16: rng s1 c= dom f and A17: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) A18: now__::_thesis:_for_p_being_real_number_st_0_<_p_holds_ ex_k_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ for_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_k_<=_m_holds_ abs_(((f_/*_s1)_._m)_-_(f_._x0))_<_p let p be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < p implies ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume 0 < p ; ::_thesis: ex k being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p then consider s being real number such that A19: 0 < s and A20: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < p by A15; consider n being Element of NAT such that A21: for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s by A17, A19, SEQ_2:def_7; take k = n; ::_thesis: for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p let m be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( k <= m implies abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p ) assume k <= m ; ::_thesis: abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p then ( s1 . m in rng s1 & abs ((s1 . m) - x0) < s ) by A21, VALUED_0:28; then abs ((f . (s1 . m)) - (f . x0)) < p by A16, A20; hence abs (((f /* s1) . m) - (f . x0)) < p by A16, FUNCT_2:108; ::_thesis: verum end; then f /* s1 is convergent by SEQ_2:def_6; hence ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) by A18, SEQ_2:def_7; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is_continuous_in x0 by Def1; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th4: :: FCONT_1:4 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL for x0 being real number holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ) proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: for x0 being real number holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ) let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ) thus ( f is_continuous_in x0 implies for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ) ::_thesis: ( ( for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ) implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) proof assume A1: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of f . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 consider r being real number such that A2: 0 < r and A3: N1 = ].((f . x0) - r),((f . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; consider s being real number such that A4: 0 < s and A5: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A1, A2, Th3; reconsider N = ].(x0 - s),(x0 + s).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by A4, RCOMP_1:def_6; take N ; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x1 in N implies f . x1 in N1 ) assume that A6: x1 in dom f and A7: x1 in N ; ::_thesis: f . x1 in N1 abs (x1 - x0) < s by A7, RCOMP_1:1; then abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A5, A6; hence f . x1 in N1 by A3, RCOMP_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A8: for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 now__::_thesis:_for_r_being_real_number_st_0_<_r_holds_ ex_s_being_real_number_st_ (_0_<_s_&_(_for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_abs_(x1_-_x0)_<_s_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x0))_<_r_)_) let r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < r implies ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) assume 0 < r ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) then reconsider N1 = ].((f . x0) - r),((f . x0) + r).[ as Neighbourhood of f . x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6; consider N2 being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A9: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N2 holds f . x1 in N1 by A8; consider s being real number such that A10: 0 < s and A11: N2 = ].(x0 - s),(x0 + s).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; take s = s; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r proof let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) assume that A12: x1 in dom f and A13: abs (x1 - x0) < s ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r x1 in N2 by A11, A13, RCOMP_1:1; then f . x1 in N1 by A9, A12; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by RCOMP_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) by A10; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is_continuous_in x0 by Th3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th5: :: FCONT_1:5 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL for x0 being real number holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ) proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: for x0 being real number holds ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ) let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( f is_continuous_in x0 iff for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ) thus ( f is_continuous_in x0 implies for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ) ::_thesis: ( ( for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ) implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) proof assume A1: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of f . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 consider N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A2: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 by A1, Th4; take N ; ::_thesis: f .: N c= N1 now__::_thesis:_for_r_being_real_number_st_r_in_f_.:_N_holds_ r_in_N1 let r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( r in f .: N implies r in N1 ) assume r in f .: N ; ::_thesis: r in N1 then ex x being Element of REAL st ( x in dom f & x in N & r = f . x ) by PARTFUN2:59; hence r in N1 by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f .: N c= N1 by MEMBERED:def_9; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A3: for N1 being Neighbourhood of f . x0 ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 now__::_thesis:_for_N1_being_Neighbourhood_of_f_._x0_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_ for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_x1_in_N_holds_ f_._x1_in_N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of f . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 consider N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A4: f .: N c= N1 by A3; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & x1 in N holds f . x1 in N1 let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x1 in N implies f . x1 in N1 ) assume ( x1 in dom f & x1 in N ) ; ::_thesis: f . x1 in N1 then f . x1 in f .: N by FUNCT_1:def_6; hence f . x1 in N1 by A4; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is_continuous_in x0 by Th4; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:6 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st (dom f) /\ N = {x0} holds f is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st (dom f) /\ N = {x0} holds f is_continuous_in x0 let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st (dom f) /\ N = {x0} implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) given N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A1: (dom f) /\ N = {x0} ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 x0 in (dom f) /\ N by A1, TARSKI:def_1; then A2: x0 in dom f by XBOOLE_0:def_4; now__::_thesis:_for_N1_being_Neighbourhood_of_f_._x0_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_f_.:_N_c=_N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of f . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st f .: N c= N1 take N = N; ::_thesis: f .: N c= N1 A3: f . x0 in N1 by RCOMP_1:16; f .: N = Im (f,x0) by A1, RELAT_1:112 .= {(f . x0)} by A2, FUNCT_1:59 ; hence f .: N c= N1 by A3, ZFMISC_1:31; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is_continuous_in x0 by Th5; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th7: :: FCONT_1:7 for x0 being real number for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 holds ( f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 holds ( f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 implies ( f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) ) assume A1: x0 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 is_continuous_in x0 or not f2 is_continuous_in x0 or ( f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) ) assume that A2: f1 is_continuous_in x0 and A3: f2 is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: ( f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f1_+_f2)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_x0_holds_ (_(f1_+_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_+_f2)_._x0_=_lim_((f1_+_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 + f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= dom (f1 + f2) and A5: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) A6: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A4, VALUED_1:def_1; dom (f1 + f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_1; then dom (f1 + f2) c= dom f2 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A7: rng s1 c= dom f2 by A4, XBOOLE_1:1; then A8: f2 /* s1 is convergent by A3, A5, Def1; dom (f1 + f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_1; then dom (f1 + f2) c= dom f1 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A9: rng s1 c= dom f1 by A4, XBOOLE_1:1; then A10: f1 /* s1 is convergent by A2, A5, Def1; then (f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1) is convergent by A8; hence (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent by A6, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: (f1 + f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) A11: f1 . x0 = lim (f1 /* s1) by A2, A5, A9, Def1; A12: f2 . x0 = lim (f2 /* s1) by A3, A5, A7, Def1; x0 in dom (f1 + f2) by A1, VALUED_1:def_1; hence (f1 + f2) . x0 = (f1 . x0) + (f2 . x0) by VALUED_1:def_1 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1)) by A10, A11, A8, A12, SEQ_2:6 .= lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) by A6, RFUNCT_2:8 ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f1 + f2 is_continuous_in x0 by Def1; ::_thesis: ( f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 ) now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f1_-_f2)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_x0_holds_ (_(f1_-_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_-_f2)_._x0_=_lim_((f1_-_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 - f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A13: rng s1 c= dom (f1 - f2) and A14: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) A15: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A13, VALUED_1:12; dom (f1 - f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:12; then dom (f1 - f2) c= dom f2 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A16: rng s1 c= dom f2 by A13, XBOOLE_1:1; then A17: f2 /* s1 is convergent by A3, A14, Def1; dom (f1 - f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:12; then dom (f1 - f2) c= dom f1 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A18: rng s1 c= dom f1 by A13, XBOOLE_1:1; then A19: f1 /* s1 is convergent by A2, A14, Def1; then (f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1) is convergent by A17; hence (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent by A15, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: (f1 - f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) A20: f1 . x0 = lim (f1 /* s1) by A2, A14, A18, Def1; A21: f2 . x0 = lim (f2 /* s1) by A3, A14, A16, Def1; x0 in dom (f1 - f2) by A1, VALUED_1:12; hence (f1 - f2) . x0 = (f1 . x0) - (f2 . x0) by VALUED_1:13 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1)) by A19, A20, A17, A21, SEQ_2:12 .= lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) by A15, RFUNCT_2:8 ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f1 - f2 is_continuous_in x0 by Def1; ::_thesis: f1 (#) f2 is_continuous_in x0 let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 (#) f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A22: rng s1 c= dom (f1 (#) f2) and A23: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) dom (f1 (#) f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_4; then dom (f1 (#) f2) c= dom f2 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A24: rng s1 c= dom f2 by A22, XBOOLE_1:1; then A25: f2 /* s1 is convergent by A3, A23, Def1; A26: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A22, VALUED_1:def_4; dom (f1 (#) f2) = (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_4; then dom (f1 (#) f2) c= dom f1 by XBOOLE_1:17; then A27: rng s1 c= dom f1 by A22, XBOOLE_1:1; then A28: f1 /* s1 is convergent by A2, A23, Def1; then (f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1) is convergent by A25; hence (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent by A26, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: (f1 (#) f2) . x0 = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) A29: f1 . x0 = lim (f1 /* s1) by A2, A23, A27, Def1; A30: f2 . x0 = lim (f2 /* s1) by A3, A23, A24, Def1; thus (f1 (#) f2) . x0 = (f1 . x0) * (f2 . x0) by VALUED_1:5 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1)) by A28, A29, A25, A30, SEQ_2:15 .= lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) by A26, RFUNCT_2:8 ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th8: :: FCONT_1:8 for x0, r being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 holds r (#) f is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0, r be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 holds r (#) f is_continuous_in x0 let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 implies r (#) f is_continuous_in x0 ) assume x0 in dom f ; ::_thesis: ( not f is_continuous_in x0 or r (#) f is_continuous_in x0 ) then A1: x0 in dom (r (#) f) by VALUED_1:def_5; assume A2: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: r (#) f is_continuous_in x0 let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (r (#) f) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . x0 = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) ) assume that A3: rng s1 c= dom (r (#) f) and A4: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . x0 = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) A5: rng s1 c= dom f by A3, VALUED_1:def_5; then A6: f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) by A2, A4, Def1; A7: f /* s1 is convergent by A2, A4, A5, Def1; then r (#) (f /* s1) is convergent ; hence (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent by A5, RFUNCT_2:9; ::_thesis: (r (#) f) . x0 = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) thus (r (#) f) . x0 = r * (f . x0) by A1, VALUED_1:def_5 .= lim (r (#) (f /* s1)) by A7, A6, SEQ_2:8 .= lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) by A5, RFUNCT_2:9 ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:9 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 holds ( abs f is_continuous_in x0 & - f is_continuous_in x0 ) proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 holds ( abs f is_continuous_in x0 & - f is_continuous_in x0 ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f & f is_continuous_in x0 implies ( abs f is_continuous_in x0 & - f is_continuous_in x0 ) ) assume A1: x0 in dom f ; ::_thesis: ( not f is_continuous_in x0 or ( abs f is_continuous_in x0 & - f is_continuous_in x0 ) ) assume A2: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: ( abs f is_continuous_in x0 & - f is_continuous_in x0 ) now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(abs_f)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_x0_holds_ (_(abs_f)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(abs_f)_._x0_=_lim_((abs_f)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (abs f) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (abs f) /* s1 is convergent & (abs f) . x0 = lim ((abs f) /* s1) ) ) assume that A3: rng s1 c= dom (abs f) and A4: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (abs f) /* s1 is convergent & (abs f) . x0 = lim ((abs f) /* s1) ) A5: rng s1 c= dom f by A3, VALUED_1:def_11; then A6: f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) by A2, A4, Def1; A7: f /* s1 is convergent by A2, A4, A5, Def1; then abs (f /* s1) is convergent by SEQ_4:13; hence (abs f) /* s1 is convergent by A5, RFUNCT_2:10; ::_thesis: (abs f) . x0 = lim ((abs f) /* s1) thus (abs f) . x0 = abs (f . x0) by VALUED_1:18 .= lim (abs (f /* s1)) by A7, A6, SEQ_4:14 .= lim ((abs f) /* s1) by A5, RFUNCT_2:10 ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence abs f is_continuous_in x0 by Def1; ::_thesis: - f is_continuous_in x0 thus - f is_continuous_in x0 by A1, A2, Th8; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th10: :: FCONT_1:10 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f is_continuous_in x0 & f . x0 <> 0 holds f ^ is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f is_continuous_in x0 & f . x0 <> 0 holds f ^ is_continuous_in x0 let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is_continuous_in x0 & f . x0 <> 0 implies f ^ is_continuous_in x0 ) assume that A1: f is_continuous_in x0 and A2: f . x0 <> 0 ; ::_thesis: f ^ is_continuous_in x0 not f . x0 in {0} by A2, TARSKI:def_1; then A3: not x0 in f " {0} by FUNCT_1:def_7; let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f ^) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f ^) /* s1 is convergent & (f ^) . x0 = lim ((f ^) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= dom (f ^) and A5: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f ^) /* s1 is convergent & (f ^) . x0 = lim ((f ^) /* s1) ) ( (dom f) \ (f " {0}) c= dom f & rng s1 c= (dom f) \ (f " {0}) ) by A4, RFUNCT_1:def_2, XBOOLE_1:36; then rng s1 c= dom f by XBOOLE_1:1; then A6: ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . x0 = lim (f /* s1) ) by A1, A5, Def1; then (f /* s1) " is convergent by A2, A4, RFUNCT_2:11, SEQ_2:21; hence (f ^) /* s1 is convergent by A4, RFUNCT_2:12; ::_thesis: (f ^) . x0 = lim ((f ^) /* s1) x0 in dom f by A2, FUNCT_1:def_2; then x0 in (dom f) \ (f " {0}) by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then x0 in dom (f ^) by RFUNCT_1:def_2; hence (f ^) . x0 = (f . x0) " by RFUNCT_1:def_2 .= lim ((f /* s1) ") by A2, A4, A6, RFUNCT_2:11, SEQ_2:22 .= lim ((f ^) /* s1) by A4, RFUNCT_2:12 ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:11 for x0 being real number for f2, f1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f2 & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 . x0 <> 0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 holds f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f2, f1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom f2 & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 . x0 <> 0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 holds f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 let f2, f1 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f2 & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f1 . x0 <> 0 & f2 is_continuous_in x0 implies f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A1: x0 in dom f2 ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 is_continuous_in x0 or not f1 . x0 <> 0 or not f2 is_continuous_in x0 or f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 ) assume that A2: f1 is_continuous_in x0 and A3: f1 . x0 <> 0 and A4: f2 is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 not f1 . x0 in {0} by A3, TARSKI:def_1; then A5: not x0 in f1 " {0} by FUNCT_1:def_7; x0 in dom f1 by A3, FUNCT_1:def_2; then x0 in (dom f1) \ (f1 " {0}) by A5, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then x0 in dom (f1 ^) by RFUNCT_1:def_2; then A6: x0 in (dom (f1 ^)) /\ (dom f2) by A1, XBOOLE_0:def_4; f1 ^ is_continuous_in x0 by A2, A3, Th10; then f2 (#) (f1 ^) is_continuous_in x0 by A4, A6, Th7; hence f2 / f1 is_continuous_in x0 by RFUNCT_1:31; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th12: :: FCONT_1:12 for x0 being real number for f2, f1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom (f2 * f1) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 holds f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: for f2, f1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st x0 in dom (f2 * f1) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 holds f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 let f2, f1 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f2 * f1) & f1 is_continuous_in x0 & f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 implies f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A1: x0 in dom (f2 * f1) ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 is_continuous_in x0 or not f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 or f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 ) assume that A2: f1 is_continuous_in x0 and A3: f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 ; ::_thesis: f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f2 * f1) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 implies ( (f2 * f1) /* s1 is convergent & (f2 * f1) . x0 = lim ((f2 * f1) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= dom (f2 * f1) and A5: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x0 ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f2 * f1) /* s1 is convergent & (f2 * f1) . x0 = lim ((f2 * f1) /* s1) ) A6: dom (f2 * f1) c= dom f1 by RELAT_1:25; now__::_thesis:_for_x_being_set_st_x_in_rng_(f1_/*_s1)_holds_ x_in_dom_f2 let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in rng (f1 /* s1) implies x in dom f2 ) assume x in rng (f1 /* s1) ; ::_thesis: x in dom f2 then consider n being Element of NAT such that A7: x = (f1 /* s1) . n by FUNCT_2:113; s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; then f1 . (s1 . n) in dom f2 by A4, FUNCT_1:11; hence x in dom f2 by A4, A6, A7, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; then A8: rng (f1 /* s1) c= dom f2 by TARSKI:def_3; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_((f2_*_f1)_/*_s1)_._n_=_(f2_/*_(f1_/*_s1))_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ((f2 * f1) /* s1) . n = (f2 /* (f1 /* s1)) . n s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; then A9: s1 . n in dom f1 by A4, FUNCT_1:11; thus ((f2 * f1) /* s1) . n = (f2 * f1) . (s1 . n) by A4, FUNCT_2:108 .= f2 . (f1 . (s1 . n)) by A9, FUNCT_1:13 .= f2 . ((f1 /* s1) . n) by A4, A6, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1 .= (f2 /* (f1 /* s1)) . n by A8, FUNCT_2:108 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A10: f2 /* (f1 /* s1) = (f2 * f1) /* s1 by FUNCT_2:63; rng s1 c= dom f1 by A4, A6, XBOOLE_1:1; then A11: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f1 . x0 = lim (f1 /* s1) ) by A2, A5, Def1; then f2 . (f1 . x0) = lim (f2 /* (f1 /* s1)) by A3, A8, Def1; hence ( (f2 * f1) /* s1 is convergent & (f2 * f1) . x0 = lim ((f2 * f1) /* s1) ) by A1, A3, A11, A8, A10, Def1, FUNCT_1:12; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; attrf is continuous means :Def2: :: FCONT_1:def 2 for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f is_continuous_in x0; end; :: deftheorem Def2 defines continuous FCONT_1:def_2_:_ for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is continuous iff for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f is_continuous_in x0 ); theorem Th13: :: FCONT_1:13 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f holds ( f | X is continuous iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f holds ( f | X is continuous iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f implies ( f | X is continuous iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) ) assume A1: X c= dom f ; ::_thesis: ( f | X is continuous iff for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) thus ( f | X is continuous implies for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) ::_thesis: ( ( for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) implies f | X is continuous ) proof assume A2: f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_X_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_X_holds_ (_f_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_f_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_(f_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X implies ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ) assume that A3: rng s1 c= X and A4: s1 is convergent and A5: lim s1 in X ; ::_thesis: ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) A6: dom (f | X) = (dom f) /\ X by RELAT_1:61 .= X by A1, XBOOLE_1:28 ; then A7: f | X is_continuous_in lim s1 by A2, A5, Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_((f_|_X)_/*_s1)_._n_=_(f_/*_s1)_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ((f | X) /* s1) . n = (f /* s1) . n A8: s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; thus ((f | X) /* s1) . n = (f | X) . (s1 . n) by A3, A6, FUNCT_2:108 .= f . (s1 . n) by A3, A6, A8, FUNCT_1:47 .= (f /* s1) . n by A1, A3, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A9: (f | X) /* s1 = f /* s1 by FUNCT_2:63; f . (lim s1) = (f | X) . (lim s1) by A5, A6, FUNCT_1:47 .= lim (f /* s1) by A3, A4, A6, A7, A9, Def1 ; hence ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) by A3, A4, A6, A7, A9, Def1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A10: for s1 being Real_Sequence st rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X holds ( f /* s1 is convergent & f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) ) ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ f_|_X_is_continuous_in_x1 A11: dom (f | X) = (dom f) /\ X by RELAT_1:61 .= X by A1, XBOOLE_1:28 ; let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in x1 ) assume A12: x1 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x1 now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f_|_X)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_x1_holds_ (_(f_|_X)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f_|_X)_._x1_=_lim_((f_|_X)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f | X) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = x1 implies ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . x1 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) ) assume that A13: rng s1 c= dom (f | X) and A14: s1 is convergent and A15: lim s1 = x1 ; ::_thesis: ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . x1 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_((f_|_X)_/*_s1)_._n_=_(f_/*_s1)_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ((f | X) /* s1) . n = (f /* s1) . n A16: s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; thus ((f | X) /* s1) . n = (f | X) . (s1 . n) by A13, FUNCT_2:108 .= f . (s1 . n) by A13, A16, FUNCT_1:47 .= (f /* s1) . n by A1, A11, A13, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A17: (f | X) /* s1 = f /* s1 by FUNCT_2:63; (f | X) . (lim s1) = f . (lim s1) by A12, A15, FUNCT_1:47 .= lim ((f | X) /* s1) by A10, A12, A11, A13, A14, A15, A17 ; hence ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . x1 = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) by A10, A12, A11, A13, A14, A15, A17; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is_continuous_in x1 by Def1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th14: :: FCONT_1:14 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f holds ( f | X is continuous iff for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f holds ( f | X is continuous iff for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f implies ( f | X is continuous iff for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) ) assume A1: X c= dom f ; ::_thesis: ( f | X is continuous iff for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) thus ( f | X is continuous implies for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) ::_thesis: ( ( for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) implies f | X is continuous ) proof assume A2: f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) let x0, r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in X & 0 < r implies ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) assume that A3: x0 in X and A4: 0 < r ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) x0 in dom (f | X) by A1, A3, RELAT_1:62; then f | X is_continuous_in x0 by A2, Def2; then consider s being real number such that A5: 0 < s and A6: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r by A4, Th3; take s ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) thus 0 < s by A5; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) assume that A7: x1 in X and A8: abs (x1 - x0) < s ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r A9: dom (f | X) = (dom f) /\ X by RELAT_1:61 .= X by A1, XBOOLE_1:28 ; then abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) = abs (((f | X) . x1) - (f . x0)) by A7, FUNCT_1:47 .= abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) by A3, A9, FUNCT_1:47 ; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A6, A9, A7, A8; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A10: for x0, r being real number st x0 in X & 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ f_|_X_is_continuous_in_x0 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A11: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x0 A12: x0 in X by A11; for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r ) ) proof let r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < r implies ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r ) ) ) assume 0 < r ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r ) ) then consider s being real number such that A13: 0 < s and A14: for x1 being real number st x1 in X & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A10, A12; take s ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r ) ) thus 0 < s by A13; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & abs (x1 - x0) < s implies abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r ) assume that A15: x1 in dom (f | X) and A16: abs (x1 - x0) < s ; ::_thesis: abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) = abs (((f | X) . x1) - (f . x0)) by A11, FUNCT_1:47 .= abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) by A15, FUNCT_1:47 ; hence abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x0)) < r by A14, A15, A16; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is_continuous_in x0 by Th3; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster Function-like V8() -> continuous for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is V8() holds b1 is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is V8() implies f is continuous ) assume A1: f is V8() ; ::_thesis: f is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x0,_r_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_f_&_0_<_r_holds_ ex_s_being_real_number_st_ (_0_<_s_&_(_for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_abs_(x1_-_x0)_<_s_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x0))_<_r_)_) reconsider s = 1 as real number ; let x0, r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f & 0 < r implies ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) ) assume that A2: x0 in dom f and A3: 0 < r ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) take s = s; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) thus 0 < s ; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) assume A4: x1 in dom f ; ::_thesis: ( abs (x1 - x0) < s implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) assume abs (x1 - x0) < s ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r f . x1 = f . x0 by A1, A2, A4, FUNCT_1:def_10; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A3, ABSVALUE:2; ::_thesis: verum end; then f | (dom f) is continuous by Th14; hence f is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster Relation-like REAL -defined REAL -valued Function-like complex-valued ext-real-valued real-valued continuous for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; existence ex b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is continuous proof set f = the V8() PartFunc of REAL,REAL; take the V8() PartFunc of REAL,REAL ; ::_thesis: the V8() PartFunc of REAL,REAL is continuous thus the V8() PartFunc of REAL,REAL is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let f be continuous PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let X be set ; clusterf | X -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous proof for x0 being real number st x0 in dom (f | X) holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 proof let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A1: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x0 then x0 in dom f by RELAT_1:57; then A2: f is_continuous_in x0 by Def2; x0 in X by A1; hence f | X is_continuous_in x0 by A2, Th1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:15 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f | X is continuous iff (f | X) | X is continuous ) ; theorem Th16: :: FCONT_1:16 for X, X1 being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & X1 c= X holds f | X1 is continuous proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & X1 c= X holds f | X1 is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is continuous & X1 c= X implies f | X1 is continuous ) assume A1: f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: ( not X1 c= X or f | X1 is continuous ) assume X1 c= X ; ::_thesis: f | X1 is continuous then f | X1 = (f | X) | X1 by RELAT_1:74; hence f | X1 is continuous by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster Function-like empty -> continuous for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is empty holds b1 is continuous ; end; registration let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let X be trivial set ; clusterf | X -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous proof percases ( f | X is empty or not f | X is empty ) ; suppose f | X is empty ; ::_thesis: for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not f | X is empty ; ::_thesis: for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous then consider x0 being real number such that A1: x0 in dom (f | X) by MEMBERED:9; x0 in X by A1, RELAT_1:57; then A2: X = {x0} by ZFMISC_1:132; now__::_thesis:_for_p_being_real_number_st_p_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ f_|_X_is_continuous_in_p let p be real number ; ::_thesis: ( p in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in p ) assume p in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in p then A3: p in {x0} by A2; thus f | X is_continuous_in p ::_thesis: verum proof let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f | X) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = p implies ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . p = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= dom (f | X) and s1 is convergent and lim s1 = p ; ::_thesis: ( (f | X) /* s1 is convergent & (f | X) . p = lim ((f | X) /* s1) ) A5: (dom f) /\ {x0} c= {x0} by XBOOLE_1:17; rng s1 c= (dom f) /\ {x0} by A2, A4, RELAT_1:61; then A6: rng s1 c= {x0} by A5, XBOOLE_1:1; A7: now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_s1_._n_=_x0 let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: s1 . n = x0 s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; hence s1 . n = x0 by A6, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; A8: p = x0 by A3, TARSKI:def_1; A9: now__::_thesis:_for_g_being_real_number_st_0_<_g_holds_ ex_n_being_Element_of_NAT_st_ for_m_being_Element_of_NAT_st_n_<=_m_holds_ abs_((((f_|_{x0})_/*_s1)_._m)_-_((f_|_{x0})_._p))_<_g let g be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < g implies ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g ) assume A10: 0 < g ; ::_thesis: ex n being Element of NAT st for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g take n = 0 ; ::_thesis: for m being Element of NAT st n <= m holds abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g let m be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ( n <= m implies abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g ) assume n <= m ; ::_thesis: abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) = abs (((f | {x0}) . (s1 . m)) - ((f | {x0}) . x0)) by A2, A8, A4, FUNCT_2:108 .= abs (((f | {x0}) . x0) - ((f | {x0}) . x0)) by A7 .= 0 by ABSVALUE:2 ; hence abs ((((f | {x0}) /* s1) . m) - ((f | {x0}) . p)) < g by A10; ::_thesis: verum end; hence (f | X) /* s1 is convergent by A2, SEQ_2:def_6; ::_thesis: (f | X) . p = lim ((f | X) /* s1) hence (f | X) . p = lim ((f | X) /* s1) by A2, A9, SEQ_2:def_7; ::_thesis: verum end; end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:17 for x0 being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds f | {x0} is continuous ; registration let f1, f2 be continuous PartFunc of REAL,REAL; clusterf1 + f2 -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 + f2 holds b1 is continuous proof set X = dom (f1 + f2); dom (f1 + f2) c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_1; then A1: ( dom (f1 + f2) c= dom f1 & dom (f1 + f2) c= dom f2 ) by XBOOLE_1:18; A2: ( f1 | (dom (f1 + f2)) is continuous & f2 | (dom (f1 + f2)) is continuous ) ; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f1_+_f2)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_dom_(f1_+_f2)_holds_ (_(f1_+_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_+_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_+_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 + f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in dom (f1 + f2) implies ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A3: rng s1 c= dom (f1 + f2) and A4: s1 is convergent and A5: lim s1 in dom (f1 + f2) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) A6: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, Th13; then A7: (f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; A8: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A3, VALUED_1:def_1; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, Th13; then (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) + (lim (f2 /* s1)) by A5, VALUED_1:def_1 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1)) by A6, SEQ_2:6 .= lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) by A8, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) by A8, A7, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; then (f1 + f2) | (dom (f1 + f2)) is continuous by Th13; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 + f2 holds b1 is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; clusterf1 - f2 -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 - f2 holds b1 is continuous proof set X = dom (f1 - f2); dom (f1 - f2) c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:12; then A9: ( dom (f1 - f2) c= dom f1 & dom (f1 - f2) c= dom f2 ) by XBOOLE_1:18; A10: ( f1 | (dom (f1 - f2)) is continuous & f2 | (dom (f1 - f2)) is continuous ) ; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f1_-_f2)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_dom_(f1_-_f2)_holds_ (_(f1_-_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_-_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_-_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 - f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in dom (f1 - f2) implies ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A11: rng s1 c= dom (f1 - f2) and A12: s1 is convergent and A13: lim s1 in dom (f1 - f2) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) A14: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, Th13; then A15: (f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; A16: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A11, VALUED_1:12; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, Th13; then (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) - (lim (f2 /* s1)) by A13, VALUED_1:13 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1)) by A14, SEQ_2:12 .= lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) by A16, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) by A16, A15, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; then (f1 - f2) | (dom (f1 - f2)) is continuous by Th13; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 - f2 holds b1 is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; clusterf1 (#) f2 -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 (#) f2 holds b1 is continuous proof set X = dom (f1 (#) f2); dom (f1 (#) f2) c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_4; then A17: ( dom (f1 (#) f2) c= dom f1 & dom (f1 (#) f2) c= dom f2 ) by XBOOLE_1:18; A18: ( f1 | (dom (f1 (#) f2)) is continuous & f2 | (dom (f1 (#) f2)) is continuous ) ; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_(f1_(#)_f2)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_dom_(f1_(#)_f2)_holds_ (_(f1_(#)_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_(#)_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_(#)_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom (f1 (#) f2) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) implies ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A19: rng s1 c= dom (f1 (#) f2) and A20: s1 is convergent and A21: lim s1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) A22: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A17, A18, A19, A20, A21, Th13; then A23: (f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; A24: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A19, VALUED_1:def_4; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A17, A18, A19, A20, A21, Th13; then (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) * (lim (f2 /* s1)) by A21, VALUED_1:def_4 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1)) by A22, SEQ_2:15 .= lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) by A24, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) by A24, A23, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; then (f1 (#) f2) | (dom (f1 (#) f2)) is continuous by Th13; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 (#) f2 holds b1 is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem Th18: :: FCONT_1:18 for X being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X is continuous holds ( (f1 + f2) | X is continuous & (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X is continuous holds ( (f1 + f2) | X is continuous & (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X is continuous implies ( (f1 + f2) | X is continuous & (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) ) assume A1: X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 | X is continuous or not f2 | X is continuous or ( (f1 + f2) | X is continuous & (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) ) assume A2: ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X is continuous ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 + f2) | X is continuous & (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) A3: ( X c= dom f1 & X c= dom f2 ) by A1, XBOOLE_1:18; A4: now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_X_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_X_holds_ (_(f1_(#)_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_(#)_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_(#)_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X implies ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A5: rng s1 c= X and A6: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) A7: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A1, A5, XBOOLE_1:1; A8: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A3, A2, A5, A6, Th13; then A9: (f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A3, A2, A5, A6, Th13; then (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) * (lim (f2 /* s1)) by VALUED_1:5 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) (#) (f2 /* s1)) by A8, SEQ_2:15 .= lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) by A7, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 (#) f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 (#) f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 (#) f2) /* s1) ) by A7, A9, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; A10: X c= dom (f1 + f2) by A1, VALUED_1:def_1; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_X_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_X_holds_ (_(f1_+_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_+_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_+_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X implies ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A11: rng s1 c= X and A12: s1 is convergent and A13: lim s1 in X ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) A14: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A3, A2, A11, A12, A13, Th13; then A15: (f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; A16: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A1, A11, XBOOLE_1:1; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A3, A2, A11, A12, A13, Th13; then (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) + (lim (f2 /* s1)) by A10, A13, VALUED_1:def_1 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) + (f2 /* s1)) by A14, SEQ_2:6 .= lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) by A16, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 + f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 + f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 + f2) /* s1) ) by A16, A15, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; hence (f1 + f2) | X is continuous by A10, Th13; ::_thesis: ( (f1 - f2) | X is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous ) A17: X c= dom (f1 - f2) by A1, VALUED_1:12; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_X_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_X_holds_ (_(f1_-_f2)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(f1_-_f2)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((f1_-_f2)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X implies ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) ) assume that A18: rng s1 c= X and A19: s1 is convergent and A20: lim s1 in X ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) A21: ( f1 /* s1 is convergent & f2 /* s1 is convergent ) by A3, A2, A18, A19, A20, Th13; then A22: (f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1) is convergent ; A23: rng s1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A1, A18, XBOOLE_1:1; ( f1 . (lim s1) = lim (f1 /* s1) & f2 . (lim s1) = lim (f2 /* s1) ) by A3, A2, A18, A19, A20, Th13; then (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = (lim (f1 /* s1)) - (lim (f2 /* s1)) by A17, A20, VALUED_1:13 .= lim ((f1 /* s1) - (f2 /* s1)) by A21, SEQ_2:12 .= lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) by A23, RFUNCT_2:8 ; hence ( (f1 - f2) /* s1 is convergent & (f1 - f2) . (lim s1) = lim ((f1 - f2) /* s1) ) by A23, A22, RFUNCT_2:8; ::_thesis: verum end; hence (f1 - f2) | X is continuous by A17, Th13; ::_thesis: (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous X c= dom (f1 (#) f2) by A1, VALUED_1:def_4; hence (f1 (#) f2) | X is continuous by A4, Th13; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:19 for X, X1 being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f1 & X1 c= dom f2 & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous holds ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f1 & X1 c= dom f2 & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous holds ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f1 & X1 c= dom f2 & f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous implies ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) ) assume ( X c= dom f1 & X1 c= dom f2 ) ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 | X is continuous or not f2 | X1 is continuous or ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) ) then A1: X /\ X1 c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by XBOOLE_1:27; assume ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous ) ; ::_thesis: ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) then ( f1 | (X /\ X1) is continuous & f2 | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) by Th16, XBOOLE_1:17; hence ( (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous & (f1 (#) f2) | (X /\ X1) is continuous ) by A1, Th18; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f be continuous PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let r be real number ; clusterr (#) f -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = r (#) f holds b1 is continuous proof set X = dom f; A1: dom f c= dom (r (#) f) by VALUED_1:def_5; A2: f | (dom f) is continuous ; A3: now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_f_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_dom_f_holds_ (_(r_(#)_f)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(r_(#)_f)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((r_(#)_f)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom f & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in dom f implies ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= dom f and A5: s1 is convergent and A6: lim s1 in dom f ; ::_thesis: ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) A7: f /* s1 is convergent by A2, A4, A5, A6, Th13; then A8: r (#) (f /* s1) is convergent ; f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) by A2, A4, A5, A6, Th13; then (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = r * (lim (f /* s1)) by A1, A6, VALUED_1:def_5 .= lim (r (#) (f /* s1)) by A7, SEQ_2:8 .= lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) by A4, RFUNCT_2:9 ; hence ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) by A4, A8, RFUNCT_2:9; ::_thesis: verum end; dom (r (#) f) = dom f by VALUED_1:def_5; then (r (#) f) | (dom f) = r (#) f by RELAT_1:69; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = r (#) f holds b1 is continuous by A1, A3, Th13; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem Th20: :: FCONT_1:20 for r being real number for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & f | X is continuous holds (r (#) f) | X is continuous proof let r be real number ; ::_thesis: for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & f | X is continuous holds (r (#) f) | X is continuous let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & f | X is continuous holds (r (#) f) | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f & f | X is continuous implies (r (#) f) | X is continuous ) assume A1: X c= dom f ; ::_thesis: ( not f | X is continuous or (r (#) f) | X is continuous ) assume A2: f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: (r (#) f) | X is continuous A3: X c= dom (r (#) f) by A1, VALUED_1:def_5; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_X_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_in_X_holds_ (_(r_(#)_f)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_(r_(#)_f)_._(lim_s1)_=_lim_((r_(#)_f)_/*_s1)_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= X & s1 is convergent & lim s1 in X implies ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) ) assume that A4: rng s1 c= X and A5: s1 is convergent and A6: lim s1 in X ; ::_thesis: ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) A7: f /* s1 is convergent by A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, Th13; then A8: r (#) (f /* s1) is convergent ; f . (lim s1) = lim (f /* s1) by A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, Th13; then (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = r * (lim (f /* s1)) by A3, A6, VALUED_1:def_5 .= lim (r (#) (f /* s1)) by A7, SEQ_2:8 .= lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) by A1, A4, RFUNCT_2:9, XBOOLE_1:1 ; hence ( (r (#) f) /* s1 is convergent & (r (#) f) . (lim s1) = lim ((r (#) f) /* s1) ) by A1, A4, A8, RFUNCT_2:9, XBOOLE_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence (r (#) f) | X is continuous by A3, Th13; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:21 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & f | X is continuous holds ( (abs f) | X is continuous & (- f) | X is continuous ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & f | X is continuous holds ( (abs f) | X is continuous & (- f) | X is continuous ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f & f | X is continuous implies ( (abs f) | X is continuous & (- f) | X is continuous ) ) assume A1: X c= dom f ; ::_thesis: ( not f | X is continuous or ( (abs f) | X is continuous & (- f) | X is continuous ) ) assume A2: f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: ( (abs f) | X is continuous & (- f) | X is continuous ) thus (abs f) | X is continuous ::_thesis: (- f) | X is continuous proof let r be real number ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( r in dom ((abs f) | X) implies (abs f) | X is_continuous_in r ) assume A3: r in dom ((abs f) | X) ; ::_thesis: (abs f) | X is_continuous_in r then r in dom (abs f) by RELAT_1:57; then A4: r in dom f by VALUED_1:def_11; r in X by A3; then A5: r in dom (f | X) by A4, RELAT_1:57; then A6: f | X is_continuous_in r by A2, Def2; thus (abs f) | X is_continuous_in r ::_thesis: verum proof let s1 be Real_Sequence; :: according to FCONT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom ((abs f) | X) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = r implies ( ((abs f) | X) /* s1 is convergent & ((abs f) | X) . r = lim (((abs f) | X) /* s1) ) ) assume that A7: rng s1 c= dom ((abs f) | X) and A8: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = r ) ; ::_thesis: ( ((abs f) | X) /* s1 is convergent & ((abs f) | X) . r = lim (((abs f) | X) /* s1) ) rng s1 c= (dom (abs f)) /\ X by A7, RELAT_1:61; then rng s1 c= (dom f) /\ X by VALUED_1:def_11; then A9: rng s1 c= dom (f | X) by RELAT_1:61; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_(abs_((f_|_X)_/*_s1))_._n_=_(((abs_f)_|_X)_/*_s1)_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: (abs ((f | X) /* s1)) . n = (((abs f) | X) /* s1) . n A10: s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; then s1 . n in dom (f | X) by A9; then s1 . n in (dom f) /\ X by RELAT_1:61; then A11: s1 . n in X by XBOOLE_0:def_4; thus (abs ((f | X) /* s1)) . n = abs (((f | X) /* s1) . n) by SEQ_1:12 .= abs ((f | X) . (s1 . n)) by A9, FUNCT_2:108 .= abs (f . (s1 . n)) by A9, A10, FUNCT_1:47 .= (abs f) . (s1 . n) by VALUED_1:18 .= ((abs f) | X) . (s1 . n) by A11, FUNCT_1:49 .= (((abs f) | X) /* s1) . n by A7, FUNCT_2:108 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A12: abs ((f | X) /* s1) = ((abs f) | X) /* s1 by FUNCT_2:63; A13: abs ((f | X) . r) = abs (f . r) by A5, FUNCT_1:47 .= (abs f) . r by VALUED_1:18 .= ((abs f) | X) . r by A3, FUNCT_1:47 ; A14: (f | X) /* s1 is convergent by A6, A8, A9, Def1; hence ((abs f) | X) /* s1 is convergent by A12, SEQ_4:13; ::_thesis: ((abs f) | X) . r = lim (((abs f) | X) /* s1) (f | X) . r = lim ((f | X) /* s1) by A6, A8, A9, Def1; hence ((abs f) | X) . r = lim (((abs f) | X) /* s1) by A14, A12, A13, SEQ_4:14; ::_thesis: verum end; end; thus (- f) | X is continuous by A1, A2, Th20; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th22: :: FCONT_1:22 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & f " {0} = {} holds (f ^) | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & f " {0} = {} holds (f ^) | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is continuous & f " {0} = {} implies (f ^) | X is continuous ) assume that A1: f | X is continuous and A2: f " {0} = {} ; ::_thesis: (f ^) | X is continuous A3: dom (f ^) = (dom f) \ {} by A2, RFUNCT_1:def_2 .= dom f ; let r be real number ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( r in dom ((f ^) | X) implies (f ^) | X is_continuous_in r ) assume A4: r in dom ((f ^) | X) ; ::_thesis: (f ^) | X is_continuous_in r then A5: r in dom (f ^) by RELAT_1:57; r in X by A4; then A6: r in dom (f | X) by A3, A5, RELAT_1:57; then A7: f | X is_continuous_in r by A1, Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_dom_((f_^)_|_X)_&_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_s1_=_r_holds_ (_((f_^)_|_X)_/*_s1_is_convergent_&_lim_(((f_^)_|_X)_/*_s1)_=_((f_^)_|_X)_._r_) A8: now__::_thesis:_not_f_._r_=_0 assume f . r = 0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction then f . r in {0} by TARSKI:def_1; hence contradiction by A2, A3, A5, FUNCT_1:def_7; ::_thesis: verum end; let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= dom ((f ^) | X) & s1 is convergent & lim s1 = r implies ( ((f ^) | X) /* s1 is convergent & lim (((f ^) | X) /* s1) = ((f ^) | X) . r ) ) assume that A9: rng s1 c= dom ((f ^) | X) and A10: ( s1 is convergent & lim s1 = r ) ; ::_thesis: ( ((f ^) | X) /* s1 is convergent & lim (((f ^) | X) /* s1) = ((f ^) | X) . r ) rng s1 c= (dom (f ^)) /\ X by A9, RELAT_1:61; then A11: rng s1 c= dom (f | X) by A3, RELAT_1:61; then A12: (f | X) /* s1 is convergent by A7, A10, Def1; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_((f_|_X)_/*_s1)_._n_<>_0 let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ((f | X) /* s1) . n <> 0 A13: s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; ( rng s1 c= (dom f) /\ X & (dom f) /\ X c= dom f ) by A3, A9, RELAT_1:61, XBOOLE_1:17; then A14: rng s1 c= dom f by XBOOLE_1:1; A15: now__::_thesis:_not_f_._(s1_._n)_=_0 assume f . (s1 . n) = 0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction then f . (s1 . n) in {0} by TARSKI:def_1; hence contradiction by A2, A14, A13, FUNCT_1:def_7; ::_thesis: verum end; ((f | X) /* s1) . n = (f | X) . (s1 . n) by A11, FUNCT_2:108 .= f . (s1 . n) by A11, A13, FUNCT_1:47 ; hence ((f | X) /* s1) . n <> 0 by A15; ::_thesis: verum end; then A16: (f | X) /* s1 is non-zero by SEQ_1:5; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_(((f_^)_|_X)_/*_s1)_._n_=_(((f_|_X)_/*_s1)_")_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: (((f ^) | X) /* s1) . n = (((f | X) /* s1) ") . n A17: s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; then s1 . n in dom ((f ^) | X) by A9; then s1 . n in (dom (f ^)) /\ X by RELAT_1:61; then A18: s1 . n in dom (f ^) by XBOOLE_0:def_4; thus (((f ^) | X) /* s1) . n = ((f ^) | X) . (s1 . n) by A9, FUNCT_2:108 .= (f ^) . (s1 . n) by A9, A17, FUNCT_1:47 .= (f . (s1 . n)) " by A18, RFUNCT_1:def_2 .= ((f | X) . (s1 . n)) " by A11, A17, FUNCT_1:47 .= (((f | X) /* s1) . n) " by A11, FUNCT_2:108 .= (((f | X) /* s1) ") . n by VALUED_1:10 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A19: ((f ^) | X) /* s1 = ((f | X) /* s1) " by FUNCT_2:63; A20: (f | X) . r = f . r by A6, FUNCT_1:47; then lim ((f | X) /* s1) <> 0 by A7, A10, A11, A8, Def1; hence ((f ^) | X) /* s1 is convergent by A12, A16, A19, SEQ_2:21; ::_thesis: lim (((f ^) | X) /* s1) = ((f ^) | X) . r (f | X) . r = lim ((f | X) /* s1) by A7, A10, A11, Def1; hence lim (((f ^) | X) /* s1) = ((f | X) . r) " by A12, A20, A8, A16, A19, SEQ_2:22 .= (f . r) " by A6, FUNCT_1:47 .= (f ^) . r by A5, RFUNCT_1:def_2 .= ((f ^) | X) . r by A4, FUNCT_1:47 ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence (f ^) | X is_continuous_in r by Def1; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:23 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & (f | X) " {0} = {} holds (f ^) | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is continuous & (f | X) " {0} = {} holds (f ^) | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is continuous & (f | X) " {0} = {} implies (f ^) | X is continuous ) assume that A1: f | X is continuous and A2: (f | X) " {0} = {} ; ::_thesis: (f ^) | X is continuous (f | X) | X is continuous by A1; then ((f | X) ^) | X is continuous by A2, Th22; then ((f ^) | X) | X is continuous by RFUNCT_1:46; hence (f ^) | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:24 for X being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f1 " {0} = {} & f2 | X is continuous holds (f2 / f1) | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f1 " {0} = {} & f2 | X is continuous holds (f2 / f1) | X is continuous let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) & f1 | X is continuous & f1 " {0} = {} & f2 | X is continuous implies (f2 / f1) | X is continuous ) assume A1: X c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) ; ::_thesis: ( not f1 | X is continuous or not f1 " {0} = {} or not f2 | X is continuous or (f2 / f1) | X is continuous ) assume that A2: f1 | X is continuous and A3: f1 " {0} = {} and A4: f2 | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: (f2 / f1) | X is continuous A5: dom (f1 ^) = (dom f1) \ {} by A3, RFUNCT_1:def_2 .= dom f1 ; (f1 ^) | X is continuous by A2, A3, Th22; then (f2 (#) (f1 ^)) | X is continuous by A1, A4, A5, Th18; hence (f2 / f1) | X is continuous by RFUNCT_1:31; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f1, f2 be continuous PartFunc of REAL,REAL; clusterf1 (#) f2 -> continuous for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f2 * f1 holds b1 is continuous proof now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_(f2_*_f1)_holds_ f2_*_f1_is_continuous_in_x0 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f2 * f1) implies f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A1: x0 in dom (f2 * f1) ; ::_thesis: f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 then f1 . x0 in dom f2 by FUNCT_1:11; then A2: f2 is_continuous_in f1 . x0 by Def2; x0 in dom f1 by A1, FUNCT_1:11; then f1 is_continuous_in x0 by Def2; hence f2 * f1 is_continuous_in x0 by A1, A2, Th12; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f2 * f1 holds b1 is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:25 for X being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is continuous & f2 | (f1 .: X) is continuous holds (f2 * f1) | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is continuous & f2 | (f1 .: X) is continuous holds (f2 * f1) | X is continuous let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | (f1 .: X) is continuous implies (f2 * f1) | X is continuous ) (f2 * f1) | X = (f2 | (f1 .: X)) * (f1 | X) by FUNCT_1:99; hence ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | (f1 .: X) is continuous implies (f2 * f1) | X is continuous ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:26 for X, X1 being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous holds (f2 * f1) | (X /\ (f1 " X1)) is continuous proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous holds (f2 * f1) | (X /\ (f1 " X1)) is continuous let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous implies (f2 * f1) | (X /\ (f1 " X1)) is continuous ) (f2 | X1) * (f1 | X) = (f2 * f1) | (X /\ (f1 " X1)) by FUNCT_1:100; hence ( f1 | X is continuous & f2 | X1 is continuous implies (f2 * f1) | (X /\ (f1 " X1)) is continuous ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:27 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f is total & ( for x1, x2 being real number holds f . (x1 + x2) = (f . x1) + (f . x2) ) & ex x0 being real number st f is_continuous_in x0 holds f | REAL is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is total & ( for x1, x2 being real number holds f . (x1 + x2) = (f . x1) + (f . x2) ) & ex x0 being real number st f is_continuous_in x0 implies f | REAL is continuous ) assume that A1: f is total and A2: for x1, x2 being real number holds f . (x1 + x2) = (f . x1) + (f . x2) ; ::_thesis: ( for x0 being real number holds not f is_continuous_in x0 or f | REAL is continuous ) A3: dom f = REAL by A1, PARTFUN1:def_2; given x0 being real number such that A4: f is_continuous_in x0 ; ::_thesis: f | REAL is continuous A5: (f . x0) + 0 = f . (x0 + 0) .= (f . x0) + (f . 0) by A2 ; A6: now__::_thesis:_for_x1_being_real_number_holds_-_(f_._x1)_=_f_._(-_x1) let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: - (f . x1) = f . (- x1) 0 = f . (x1 + (- x1)) by A5 .= (f . x1) + (f . (- x1)) by A2 ; hence - (f . x1) = f . (- x1) ; ::_thesis: verum end; A7: now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_holds_f_._(x1_-_x2)_=_(f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: f . (x1 - x2) = (f . x1) - (f . x2) thus f . (x1 - x2) = f . (x1 + (- x2)) .= (f . x1) + (f . (- x2)) by A2 .= (f . x1) + (- (f . x2)) by A6 .= (f . x1) - (f . x2) ; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_r_being_real_number_st_x1_in_REAL_&_r_>_0_holds_ ex_s_being_real_number_st_ (_s_>_0_&_(_for_x2_being_real_number_st_x2_in_REAL_&_abs_(x2_-_x1)_<_s_holds_ abs_((f_._x2)_-_(f_._x1))_<_r_)_) let x1, r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in REAL & r > 0 implies ex s being real number st ( s > 0 & ( for x2 being real number st x2 in REAL & abs (x2 - x1) < s holds abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r ) ) ) assume that x1 in REAL and A8: r > 0 ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( s > 0 & ( for x2 being real number st x2 in REAL & abs (x2 - x1) < s holds abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r ) ) set y = x1 - x0; consider s being real number such that A9: 0 < s and A10: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r by A4, A8, Th3; take s = s; ::_thesis: ( s > 0 & ( for x2 being real number st x2 in REAL & abs (x2 - x1) < s holds abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r ) ) thus s > 0 by A9; ::_thesis: for x2 being real number st x2 in REAL & abs (x2 - x1) < s holds abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r let x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x2 in REAL & abs (x2 - x1) < s implies abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r ) assume that x2 in REAL and A11: abs (x2 - x1) < s ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r A12: ( x2 - (x1 - x0) is Real & abs ((x2 - (x1 - x0)) - x0) = abs (x2 - x1) ) by XREAL_0:def_1; (x1 - x0) + x0 = x1 ; then abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) = abs ((f . x2) - ((f . (x1 - x0)) + (f . x0))) by A2 .= abs (((f . x2) - (f . (x1 - x0))) - (f . x0)) .= abs ((f . (x2 - (x1 - x0))) - (f . x0)) by A7 ; hence abs ((f . x2) - (f . x1)) < r by A3, A10, A11, A12; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | REAL is continuous by A3, Th14; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th28: :: FCONT_1:28 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st dom f is compact & f | (dom f) is continuous holds rng f is compact proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( dom f is compact & f | (dom f) is continuous implies rng f is compact ) assume that A1: dom f is compact and A2: f | (dom f) is continuous ; ::_thesis: rng f is compact now__::_thesis:_for_s1_being_Real_Sequence_st_rng_s1_c=_rng_f_holds_ ex_q2_being_Element_of_bool_[:NAT,REAL:]_st_ (_q2_is_subsequence_of_s1_&_q2_is_convergent_&_lim_q2_in_rng_f_) let s1 be Real_Sequence; ::_thesis: ( rng s1 c= rng f implies ex q2 being Element of bool [:NAT,REAL:] st ( q2 is subsequence of s1 & q2 is convergent & lim q2 in rng f ) ) assume A3: rng s1 c= rng f ; ::_thesis: ex q2 being Element of bool [:NAT,REAL:] st ( q2 is subsequence of s1 & q2 is convergent & lim q2 in rng f ) defpred S1[ set , set ] means ( $2 in dom f & f . $2 = s1 . $1 ); A4: for n being Element of NAT ex p being Real st S1[n,p] proof let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: ex p being Real st S1[n,p] s1 . n in rng s1 by VALUED_0:28; then consider p being Element of REAL such that A5: ( p in dom f & s1 . n = f . p ) by A3, PARTFUN1:3; take p ; ::_thesis: S1[n,p] thus S1[n,p] by A5; ::_thesis: verum end; consider q1 being Real_Sequence such that A6: for n being Element of NAT holds S1[n,q1 . n] from FUNCT_2:sch_3(A4); now__::_thesis:_for_x_being_set_st_x_in_rng_q1_holds_ x_in_dom_f let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in rng q1 implies x in dom f ) assume x in rng q1 ; ::_thesis: x in dom f then ex n being Element of NAT st x = q1 . n by FUNCT_2:113; hence x in dom f by A6; ::_thesis: verum end; then A7: rng q1 c= dom f by TARSKI:def_3; then consider s2 being Real_Sequence such that A8: s2 is subsequence of q1 and A9: s2 is convergent and A10: lim s2 in dom f by A1, RCOMP_1:def_3; now__::_thesis:_for_n_being_Element_of_NAT_holds_(f_/*_q1)_._n_=_s1_._n let n be Element of NAT ; ::_thesis: (f /* q1) . n = s1 . n f . (q1 . n) = s1 . n by A6; hence (f /* q1) . n = s1 . n by A7, FUNCT_2:108; ::_thesis: verum end; then A11: f /* q1 = s1 by FUNCT_2:63; take q2 = f /* s2; ::_thesis: ( q2 is subsequence of s1 & q2 is convergent & lim q2 in rng f ) lim s2 in dom (f | (dom f)) by A10; then f | (dom f) is_continuous_in lim s2 by A2, Def2; then A12: f is_continuous_in lim s2 ; rng s2 c= rng q1 by A8, VALUED_0:21; then A13: rng s2 c= dom f by A7, XBOOLE_1:1; then f . (lim s2) = lim (f /* s2) by A9, A12, Def1; hence ( q2 is subsequence of s1 & q2 is convergent & lim q2 in rng f ) by A7, A11, A8, A9, A10, A12, A13, Def1, FUNCT_1:def_3, VALUED_0:22; ::_thesis: verum end; hence rng f is compact by RCOMP_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:29 for Y being Subset of REAL for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous holds f .: Y is compact proof let Y be Subset of REAL; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous holds f .: Y is compact let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous implies f .: Y is compact ) assume that A1: Y c= dom f and A2: Y is compact and A3: f | Y is continuous ; ::_thesis: f .: Y is compact A4: (f | Y) | Y is continuous by A3; dom (f | Y) = (dom f) /\ Y by RELAT_1:61 .= Y by A1, XBOOLE_1:28 ; then rng (f | Y) is compact by A2, A4, Th28; hence f .: Y is compact by RELAT_1:115; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th30: :: FCONT_1:30 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st dom f <> {} & dom f is compact & f | (dom f) is continuous holds ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f & f . x1 = upper_bound (rng f) & f . x2 = lower_bound (rng f) ) proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( dom f <> {} & dom f is compact & f | (dom f) is continuous implies ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f & f . x1 = upper_bound (rng f) & f . x2 = lower_bound (rng f) ) ) assume ( dom f <> {} & dom f is compact & f | (dom f) is continuous ) ; ::_thesis: ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f & f . x1 = upper_bound (rng f) & f . x2 = lower_bound (rng f) ) then A1: ( rng f <> {} & rng f is compact ) by Th28, RELAT_1:42; then consider x being Element of REAL such that A2: ( x in dom f & upper_bound (rng f) = f . x ) by PARTFUN1:3, RCOMP_1:14; take x ; ::_thesis: ex x2 being real number st ( x in dom f & x2 in dom f & f . x = upper_bound (rng f) & f . x2 = lower_bound (rng f) ) consider y being Element of REAL such that A3: ( y in dom f & lower_bound (rng f) = f . y ) by A1, PARTFUN1:3, RCOMP_1:14; take y ; ::_thesis: ( x in dom f & y in dom f & f . x = upper_bound (rng f) & f . y = lower_bound (rng f) ) thus ( x in dom f & y in dom f & f . x = upper_bound (rng f) & f . y = lower_bound (rng f) ) by A2, A3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:31 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL for Y being Subset of REAL st Y <> {} & Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous holds ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: for Y being Subset of REAL st Y <> {} & Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous holds ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) let Y be Subset of REAL; ::_thesis: ( Y <> {} & Y c= dom f & Y is compact & f | Y is continuous implies ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) ) assume that A1: Y <> {} and A2: Y c= dom f and A3: Y is compact and A4: f | Y is continuous ; ::_thesis: ex x1, x2 being real number st ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) A5: dom (f | Y) = (dom f) /\ Y by RELAT_1:61 .= Y by A2, XBOOLE_1:28 ; (f | Y) | Y is continuous by A4; then consider x1, x2 being real number such that A6: ( x1 in dom (f | Y) & x2 in dom (f | Y) ) and A7: ( (f | Y) . x1 = upper_bound (rng (f | Y)) & (f | Y) . x2 = lower_bound (rng (f | Y)) ) by A1, A3, A5, Th30; take x1 ; ::_thesis: ex x2 being real number st ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) take x2 ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y & f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) thus ( x1 in Y & x2 in Y ) by A6; ::_thesis: ( f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) ( f . x1 = upper_bound (rng (f | Y)) & f . x2 = lower_bound (rng (f | Y)) ) by A6, A7, FUNCT_1:47; hence ( f . x1 = upper_bound (f .: Y) & f . x2 = lower_bound (f .: Y) ) by RELAT_1:115; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; attrf is Lipschitzian means :Def3: :: FCONT_1:def 3 ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ); end; :: deftheorem Def3 defines Lipschitzian FCONT_1:def_3_:_ for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f is Lipschitzian iff ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) ); theorem Th32: :: FCONT_1:32 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f | X is Lipschitzian iff ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL holds ( f | X is Lipschitzian iff ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is Lipschitzian iff ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) ) thus ( f | X is Lipschitzian implies ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) ) ::_thesis: ( ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) implies f | X is Lipschitzian ) proof given r being real number such that A1: 0 < r and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_3 ::_thesis: ex r being real number st ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) take r ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < r by A1; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume A3: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) ) ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) then ( (f | X) . x1 = f . x1 & (f | X) . x2 = f . x2 ) by FUNCT_1:47; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A2, A3; ::_thesis: verum end; given r being real number such that A4: 0 < r and A5: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ; ::_thesis: f | X is Lipschitzian take r ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_3 ::_thesis: ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < r by A4; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) holds abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) implies abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume A6: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) ) ; ::_thesis: abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) then ( (f | X) . x1 = f . x1 & (f | X) . x2 = f . x2 ) by FUNCT_1:47; hence abs (((f | X) . x1) - ((f | X) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A5, A6; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster Function-like empty -> Lipschitzian for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is empty holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is empty implies f is Lipschitzian ) assume A1: f is empty ; ::_thesis: f is Lipschitzian take 1 ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_3 ::_thesis: ( 0 < 1 & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus ( 0 < 1 & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster Relation-like REAL -defined REAL -valued Function-like empty complex-valued ext-real-valued real-valued for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; existence ex b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is empty proof take the empty PartFunc of REAL,REAL ; ::_thesis: the empty PartFunc of REAL,REAL is empty thus the empty PartFunc of REAL,REAL is empty ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let f be Lipschitzian PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let X be set ; clusterf | X -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof consider r being real number such that A1: 0 < r and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x2_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_r_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) ) ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) then ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f ) by RELAT_1:57; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f | X holds b1 is Lipschitzian by A1, Th32; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:33 for X, X1 being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian & X1 c= X holds f | X1 is Lipschitzian proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian & X1 c= X holds f | X1 is Lipschitzian let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is Lipschitzian & X1 c= X implies f | X1 is Lipschitzian ) assume that A1: f | X is Lipschitzian and A2: X1 c= X ; ::_thesis: f | X1 is Lipschitzian f | X1 = (f | X) | X1 by A2, RELAT_1:74; hence f | X1 is Lipschitzian by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f1, f2 be Lipschitzian PartFunc of REAL,REAL; clusterf1 + f2 -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 + f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof set X = dom f1; set X1 = dom f2; consider s being real number such that A1: 0 < s and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) & x2 in dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) holds abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Th32; consider g being real number such that A3: 0 < g and A4: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) & x2 in dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) holds abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Th32; now__::_thesis:_ex_p_being_set_st_ (_0_<_p_&_(_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f1_+_f2)_&_x2_in_dom_(f1_+_f2)_holds_ abs_(((f1_+_f2)_._x1)_-_((f1_+_f2)_._x2))_<=_p_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2))_)_) take p = s + g; ::_thesis: ( 0 < p & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 + f2) & x2 in dom (f1 + f2) holds abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < p by A1, A3; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 + f2) & x2 in dom (f1 + f2) holds abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f1 + f2) & x2 in dom (f1 + f2) implies abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A5: x1 in dom (f1 + f2) and A6: x2 in dom (f1 + f2) ; ::_thesis: abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) = abs (((f1 . x1) + (f2 . x1)) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) by A5, VALUED_1:def_1 .= abs (((f1 . x1) + (f2 . x1)) - ((f1 . x2) + (f2 . x2))) by A6, VALUED_1:def_1 .= abs (((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) + ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) ; then A7: abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= (abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2))) + (abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) by COMPLEX1:56; dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) = (dom f2) /\ ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2)) by RELAT_1:61 .= ((dom f2) /\ (dom f2)) /\ (dom f1) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= dom (f1 + f2) by VALUED_1:def_1 ; then A8: abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A4, A5, A6; dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) = (dom f1) /\ ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2)) by RELAT_1:61 .= ((dom f1) /\ (dom f1)) /\ (dom f2) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= dom (f1 + f2) by VALUED_1:def_1 ; then abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A2, A5, A6; then (abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2))) + (abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) <= (s * (abs (x1 - x2))) + (g * (abs (x1 - x2))) by A8, XREAL_1:7; hence abs (((f1 + f2) . x1) - ((f1 + f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A7, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 + f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; clusterf1 - f2 -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 - f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof set X = dom f1; set X1 = dom f2; consider s being real number such that A9: 0 < s and A10: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) & x2 in dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) holds abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Th32; consider g being real number such that A11: 0 < g and A12: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) & x2 in dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) holds abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Th32; now__::_thesis:_ex_p_being_set_st_ (_0_<_p_&_(_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f1_-_f2)_&_x2_in_dom_(f1_-_f2)_holds_ abs_(((f1_-_f2)_._x1)_-_((f1_-_f2)_._x2))_<=_p_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2))_)_) take p = s + g; ::_thesis: ( 0 < p & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 - f2) & x2 in dom (f1 - f2) holds abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < p by A9, A11; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (f1 - f2) & x2 in dom (f1 - f2) holds abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f1 - f2) & x2 in dom (f1 - f2) implies abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A13: x1 in dom (f1 - f2) and A14: x2 in dom (f1 - f2) ; ::_thesis: abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) = abs (((f1 . x1) - (f2 . x1)) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) by A13, VALUED_1:13 .= abs (((f1 . x1) - (f2 . x1)) - ((f1 . x2) - (f2 . x2))) by A14, VALUED_1:13 .= abs (((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) - ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) ; then A15: abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= (abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2))) + (abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) by COMPLEX1:57; dom (f2 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) = (dom f2) /\ ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2)) by RELAT_1:61 .= ((dom f2) /\ (dom f2)) /\ (dom f1) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= dom (f1 - f2) by VALUED_1:12 ; then A16: abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A12, A13, A14; dom (f1 | ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2))) = (dom f1) /\ ((dom f1) /\ (dom f2)) by RELAT_1:61 .= ((dom f1) /\ (dom f1)) /\ (dom f2) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= dom (f1 - f2) by VALUED_1:12 ; then abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A10, A13, A14; then (abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2))) + (abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2))) <= (s * (abs (x1 - x2))) + (g * (abs (x1 - x2))) by A16, XREAL_1:7; hence abs (((f1 - f2) . x1) - ((f1 - f2) . x2)) <= p * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A15, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 - f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:34 for X, X1 being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian holds (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian holds (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian implies (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian ) A1: ( f1 | (X /\ X1) = (f1 | X) | (X /\ X1) & f2 | (X /\ X1) = (f2 | X1) | (X /\ X1) ) by RELAT_1:74, XBOOLE_1:17; A2: (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) = (f1 | (X /\ X1)) + (f2 | (X /\ X1)) by RFUNCT_1:44; assume ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian ) ; ::_thesis: (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian hence (f1 + f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian by A1, A2; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:35 for X, X1 being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian holds (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian proof let X, X1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian holds (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian implies (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian ) A1: ( f1 | (X /\ X1) = (f1 | X) | (X /\ X1) & f2 | (X /\ X1) = (f2 | X1) | (X /\ X1) ) by RELAT_1:74, XBOOLE_1:17; A2: (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) = (f1 | (X /\ X1)) - (f2 | (X /\ X1)) by RFUNCT_1:47; assume ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian ) ; ::_thesis: (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian hence (f1 - f2) | (X /\ X1) is Lipschitzian by A1, A2; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f1, f2 be bounded Lipschitzian PartFunc of REAL,REAL; clusterf1 (#) f2 -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 (#) f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof set X = dom f1; set X1 = dom f2; consider x1 being real number such that A1: for r being set st r in dom f1 holds abs (f1 . r) <= x1 by RFUNCT_1:72; consider x2 being real number such that A2: for r being set st r in dom f2 holds abs (f2 . r) <= x2 by RFUNCT_1:72; consider g being real number such that A3: 0 < g and A4: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f2 & x2 in dom f2 holds abs ((f2 . x1) - (f2 . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; consider s being real number such that A5: 0 < s and A6: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f1 & x2 in dom f1 holds abs ((f1 . x1) - (f1 . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; A7: now__::_thesis:_for_r_being_real_number_st_r_in_dom_(f1_(#)_f2)_holds_ (_abs_(f1_._r)_<=_abs_x1_&_abs_(f2_._r)_<=_abs_x2_) let r be real number ; ::_thesis: ( r in dom (f1 (#) f2) implies ( abs (f1 . r) <= abs x1 & abs (f2 . r) <= abs x2 ) ) assume r in dom (f1 (#) f2) ; ::_thesis: ( abs (f1 . r) <= abs x1 & abs (f2 . r) <= abs x2 ) then A8: r in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by VALUED_1:def_4; then r in dom f1 by XBOOLE_0:def_4; then A9: abs (f1 . r) <= x1 by A1; r in dom f2 by A8, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then A10: abs (f2 . r) <= x2 by A2; x1 <= abs x1 by ABSVALUE:4; hence abs (f1 . r) <= abs x1 by A9, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: abs (f2 . r) <= abs x2 x2 <= abs x2 by ABSVALUE:4; hence abs (f2 . r) <= abs x2 by A10, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_ex_p_being_Element_of_REAL_st_ (_0_<_p_&_(_for_y1,_y2_being_real_number_st_y1_in_dom_(f1_(#)_f2)_&_y2_in_dom_(f1_(#)_f2)_holds_ abs_(((f1_(#)_f2)_._y1)_-_((f1_(#)_f2)_._y2))_<=_p_*_(abs_(y1_-_y2))_)_) take p = (((abs x1) * g) + ((abs x2) * s)) + 1; ::_thesis: ( 0 < p & ( for y1, y2 being real number st y1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) & y2 in dom (f1 (#) f2) holds abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= p * (abs (y1 - y2)) ) ) A11: 0 <= abs x1 by COMPLEX1:46; ( 0 <= abs x1 & 0 <= abs x2 ) by COMPLEX1:46; hence 0 < p by A5, A3; ::_thesis: for y1, y2 being real number st y1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) & y2 in dom (f1 (#) f2) holds abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= p * (abs (y1 - y2)) let y1, y2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( y1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) & y2 in dom (f1 (#) f2) implies abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= p * (abs (y1 - y2)) ) assume that A12: y1 in dom (f1 (#) f2) and A13: y2 in dom (f1 (#) f2) ; ::_thesis: abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= p * (abs (y1 - y2)) A14: y2 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A13, VALUED_1:def_4; then A15: y2 in dom f1 by XBOOLE_0:def_4; ( abs ((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) = (abs (f1 . y1)) * (abs ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) & 0 <= abs ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2)) ) by COMPLEX1:46, COMPLEX1:65; then A16: abs ((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) <= (abs x1) * (abs ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) by A7, A12, XREAL_1:64; A17: y2 in dom f2 by A14, XBOOLE_0:def_4; A18: y1 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f2) by A12, VALUED_1:def_4; then y1 in dom f2 by XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (abs x1) * (abs ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) <= (abs x1) * (g * (abs (y1 - y2))) by A4, A17, A11, XREAL_1:64; then A19: abs ((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) <= ((abs x1) * g) * (abs (y1 - y2)) by A16, XXREAL_0:2; 0 <= abs (y1 - y2) by COMPLEX1:46; then A20: ((((abs x1) * g) + ((abs x2) * s)) * (abs (y1 - y2))) + 0 <= ((((abs x1) * g) + ((abs x2) * s)) * (abs (y1 - y2))) + (1 * (abs (y1 - y2))) by XREAL_1:7; abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) = abs (((f1 . y1) * (f2 . y1)) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) by VALUED_1:5 .= abs ((((f1 . y1) * (f2 . y1)) + (((f1 . y1) * (f2 . y2)) - ((f1 . y1) * (f2 . y2)))) - ((f1 . y2) * (f2 . y2))) by VALUED_1:5 .= abs (((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2))) + (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2))) ; then A21: abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= (abs ((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2)))) + (abs (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2))) by COMPLEX1:56; ( abs (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2)) = (abs (f2 . y2)) * (abs ((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2))) & 0 <= abs ((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) ) by COMPLEX1:46, COMPLEX1:65; then A22: abs (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2)) <= (abs x2) * (abs ((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2))) by A7, A13, XREAL_1:64; A23: 0 <= abs x2 by COMPLEX1:46; y1 in dom f1 by A18, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (abs x2) * (abs ((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2))) <= (abs x2) * (s * (abs (y1 - y2))) by A6, A15, A23, XREAL_1:64; then abs (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2)) <= (abs x2) * (s * (abs (y1 - y2))) by A22, XXREAL_0:2; then (abs ((f1 . y1) * ((f2 . y1) - (f2 . y2)))) + (abs (((f1 . y1) - (f1 . y2)) * (f2 . y2))) <= (((abs x1) * g) * (abs (y1 - y2))) + (((abs x2) * s) * (abs (y1 - y2))) by A19, XREAL_1:7; then abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= (((abs x1) * g) + ((abs x2) * s)) * (abs (y1 - y2)) by A21, XXREAL_0:2; hence abs (((f1 (#) f2) . y1) - ((f1 (#) f2) . y2)) <= p * (abs (y1 - y2)) by A20, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = f1 (#) f2 holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:36 for X, X1, Z, Z1 being set for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian & f1 | Z is bounded & f2 | Z1 is bounded holds (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) is Lipschitzian proof let X, X1, Z, Z1 be set ; ::_thesis: for f1, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian & f1 | Z is bounded & f2 | Z1 is bounded holds (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) is Lipschitzian let f1, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian & f1 | Z is bounded & f2 | Z1 is bounded implies (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) is Lipschitzian ) A1: f1 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) = f1 | ((X1 /\ Z1) /\ (X /\ Z)) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= f1 | (((X1 /\ Z1) /\ X) /\ Z) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (f1 | Z) | ((X1 /\ Z1) /\ X) by RELAT_1:71 ; A2: f1 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) = f1 | ((X1 /\ Z1) /\ (X /\ Z)) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= f1 | (((X1 /\ Z1) /\ Z) /\ X) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (f1 | X) | ((X1 /\ Z1) /\ Z) by RELAT_1:71 ; A3: f2 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) = f2 | (((X /\ Z) /\ Z1) /\ X1) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (f2 | X1) | ((Z /\ X) /\ Z1) by RELAT_1:71 ; A4: ( (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) = (f1 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1)) (#) (f2 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1)) & f2 | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) = (f2 | Z1) | ((X /\ Z) /\ X1) ) by RELAT_1:71, RFUNCT_1:45; assume ( f1 | X is Lipschitzian & f2 | X1 is Lipschitzian & f1 | Z is bounded & f2 | Z1 is bounded ) ; ::_thesis: (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) is Lipschitzian hence (f1 (#) f2) | (((X /\ Z) /\ X1) /\ Z1) is Lipschitzian by A1, A2, A4, A3; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f be Lipschitzian PartFunc of REAL,REAL; let p be real number ; clusterp (#) f -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = p (#) f holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof consider s being real number such that A1: 0 < s and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; percases ( p = 0 or p <> 0 ) ; supposeA3: p = 0 ; ::_thesis: for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = p (#) f holds b1 is Lipschitzian now__::_thesis:_ex_s_being_real_number_st_ (_0_<_s_&_(_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(p_(#)_f)_&_x2_in_dom_(p_(#)_f)_holds_ abs_(((p_(#)_f)_._x1)_-_((p_(#)_f)_._x2))_<=_s_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2))_)_) take s = s; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) holds abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < s by A1; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) holds abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) implies abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A4: x1 in dom (p (#) f) and A5: x2 in dom (p (#) f) ; ::_thesis: abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) A6: 0 <= abs (x1 - x2) by COMPLEX1:46; abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) = abs ((p * (f . x1)) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) by A4, VALUED_1:def_5 .= abs (0 - (p * (f . x2))) by A3, A5, VALUED_1:def_5 .= 0 by A3, ABSVALUE:2 ; hence abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A1, A6; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = p (#) f holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose p <> 0 ; ::_thesis: for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = p (#) f holds b1 is Lipschitzian then 0 < abs p by COMPLEX1:47; then A7: 0 * s < (abs p) * s by A1, XREAL_1:68; now__::_thesis:_ex_g_being_Element_of_REAL_st_ (_0_<_g_&_(_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(p_(#)_f)_&_x2_in_dom_(p_(#)_f)_holds_ abs_(((p_(#)_f)_._x1)_-_((p_(#)_f)_._x2))_<=_g_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2))_)_) take g = (abs p) * s; ::_thesis: ( 0 < g & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) holds abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) A8: 0 <= abs p by COMPLEX1:46; thus 0 < g by A7; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) holds abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (p (#) f) & x2 in dom (p (#) f) implies abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A9: x1 in dom (p (#) f) and A10: x2 in dom (p (#) f) ; ::_thesis: abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) A11: abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) = abs ((p * (f . x1)) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) by A9, VALUED_1:def_5 .= abs ((p * (f . x1)) - (p * (f . x2))) by A10, VALUED_1:def_5 .= abs (p * ((f . x1) - (f . x2))) .= (abs p) * (abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2))) by COMPLEX1:65 ; ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f ) by A9, A10, VALUED_1:def_5; then (abs p) * (abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2))) <= (abs p) * (s * (abs (x1 - x2))) by A2, A8, XREAL_1:64; hence abs (((p (#) f) . x1) - ((p (#) f) . x2)) <= g * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A11; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = p (#) f holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:37 for X being set for p being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian & X c= dom f holds (p (#) f) | X is Lipschitzian proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for p being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian & X c= dom f holds (p (#) f) | X is Lipschitzian let p be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian & X c= dom f holds (p (#) f) | X is Lipschitzian let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is Lipschitzian & X c= dom f implies (p (#) f) | X is Lipschitzian ) (p (#) f) | X = p (#) (f | X) by RFUNCT_1:49; hence ( f | X is Lipschitzian & X c= dom f implies (p (#) f) | X is Lipschitzian ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let f be Lipschitzian PartFunc of REAL,REAL; cluster|.f.| -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = abs f holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof consider s being real number such that A1: 0 < s and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; now__::_thesis:_ex_s_being_real_number_st_ (_0_<_s_&_(_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(abs_f)_&_x2_in_dom_(abs_f)_holds_ abs_(((abs_f)_._x1)_-_((abs_f)_._x2))_<=_s_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2))_)_) take s = s; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (abs f) & x2 in dom (abs f) holds abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus 0 < s by A1; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (abs f) & x2 in dom (abs f) holds abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (abs f) & x2 in dom (abs f) implies abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume ( x1 in dom (abs f) & x2 in dom (abs f) ) ; ::_thesis: abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) then ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f ) by VALUED_1:def_11; then A3: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A2; abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) = abs ((abs (f . x1)) - ((abs f) . x2)) by VALUED_1:18 .= abs ((abs (f . x1)) - (abs (f . x2))) by VALUED_1:18 ; then abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) by COMPLEX1:64; hence abs (((abs f) . x1) - ((abs f) . x2)) <= s * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A3, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = abs f holds b1 is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:38 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian holds ( - (f | X) is Lipschitzian & (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is Lipschitzian holds ( - (f | X) is Lipschitzian & (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian ) let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is Lipschitzian implies ( - (f | X) is Lipschitzian & (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian ) ) assume A1: f | X is Lipschitzian ; ::_thesis: ( - (f | X) is Lipschitzian & (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian ) hence - (f | X) is Lipschitzian ; ::_thesis: (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian (abs f) | X = abs (f | X) by RFUNCT_1:46; hence (abs f) | X is Lipschitzian by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster Function-like V8() -> Lipschitzian for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is V8() holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is V8() implies f is Lipschitzian ) assume A1: f is V8() ; ::_thesis: f is Lipschitzian now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_x2_in_dom_f_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_1_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f ) ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) then f . x1 = f . x2 by A1, FUNCT_1:def_10; then abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) = 0 by ABSVALUE:2; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) by COMPLEX1:46; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is Lipschitzian by Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let Y be Subset of REAL; cluster id Y -> Lipschitzian for PartFunc of REAL,REAL; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = id Y holds b1 is Lipschitzian proof reconsider r = 1 as Real ; id Y is Lipschitzian proof take r ; :: according to FCONT_1:def_3 ::_thesis: ( 0 < r & ( for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (id Y) & x2 in dom (id Y) holds abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) ) thus r > 0 ; ::_thesis: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom (id Y) & x2 in dom (id Y) holds abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (id Y) & x2 in dom (id Y) implies abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A1: x1 in dom (id Y) and A2: x2 in dom (id Y) ; ::_thesis: abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) A3: x2 in Y by A2; x1 in Y by A1; then abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) = abs (x1 - ((id Y) . x2)) by FUNCT_1:18 .= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A3, FUNCT_1:18 ; hence abs (((id Y) . x1) - ((id Y) . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 = id Y holds b1 is Lipschitzian ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster Function-like Lipschitzian -> continuous for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; coherence for b1 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st b1 is Lipschitzian holds b1 is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f is Lipschitzian implies f is continuous ) set X = dom f; assume f is Lipschitzian ; ::_thesis: f is continuous then consider r being real number such that A1: 0 < r and A2: for x1, x2 being real number st x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x2)) by Def3; now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_f_holds_ f_is_continuous_in_x0 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f implies f is_continuous_in x0 ) assume A3: x0 in dom f ; ::_thesis: f is_continuous_in x0 for r being real number st 0 < r holds ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < r ) ) proof let g be real number ; ::_thesis: ( 0 < g implies ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g ) ) ) assume A4: 0 < g ; ::_thesis: ex s being real number st ( 0 < s & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g ) ) set s = g / r; take s9 = g / r; ::_thesis: ( 0 < s9 & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s9 holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g ) ) A5: now__::_thesis:_for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_abs_(x1_-_x0)_<_g_/_r_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x0))_<_g let x1 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < g / r implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g ) assume that A6: x1 in dom f and A7: abs (x1 - x0) < g / r ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g r * (abs (x1 - x0)) < (g / r) * r by A1, A7, XREAL_1:68; then A8: r * (abs (x1 - x0)) < g by A1, XCMPLX_1:87; abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) <= r * (abs (x1 - x0)) by A2, A3, A6; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g by A8, XXREAL_0:2; ::_thesis: verum end; s9 = g * (r ") by XCMPLX_0:def_9; hence ( 0 < s9 & ( for x1 being real number st x1 in dom f & abs (x1 - x0) < s9 holds abs ((f . x1) - (f . x0)) < g ) ) by A1, A4, A5, XREAL_1:129; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is_continuous_in x0 by Th3; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FCONT_1:39 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ex r being real number st rng f = {r} holds f is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ex r being real number st rng f = {r} implies f is continuous ) given r being real number such that A1: rng f = {r} ; ::_thesis: f is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_x2_in_dom_f_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_1_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A2: x1 in dom f and A3: x2 in dom f ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) f . x2 in rng f by A3, FUNCT_1:def_3; then A4: f . x2 = r by A1, TARSKI:def_1; f . x1 in rng f by A2, FUNCT_1:def_3; then f . x1 = r by A1, TARSKI:def_1; then abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) = 0 by A4, ABSVALUE:2; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) by COMPLEX1:46; ::_thesis: verum end; then f is Lipschitzian by Def3; hence f is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:40 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ) holds f is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ) implies f is continuous ) assume A1: for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ; ::_thesis: f is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_x2_in_dom_f_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_1_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A2: x1 in dom f and A3: x2 in dom f ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) f . x1 = x1 by A1, A2; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) by A1, A3; ::_thesis: verum end; then f is Lipschitzian by Def3; hence f is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th41: :: FCONT_1:41 for X being set for r, p being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = (r * x0) + p ) holds f | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for r, p being real number for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = (r * x0) + p ) holds f | X is continuous let r, p be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = (r * x0) + p ) holds f | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = (r * x0) + p ) implies f | X is continuous ) assume A1: for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = (r * x0) + p ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous A2: now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x2_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_((abs_r)_+_1)_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x2 in dom (f | X) implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= ((abs r) + 1) * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume that A3: x1 in dom (f | X) and A4: x2 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= ((abs r) + 1) * (abs (x1 - x2)) x2 in X by A4; then A5: f . x2 = (r * x2) + p by A1; A6: 0 <= abs (x1 - x2) by COMPLEX1:46; x1 in X by A3; then f . x1 = (r * x1) + p by A1; then abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) = abs (r * (x1 - x2)) by A5 .= (abs r) * (abs (x1 - x2)) by COMPLEX1:65 ; then (abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2))) + 0 <= ((abs r) * (abs (x1 - x2))) + (1 * (abs (x1 - x2))) by A6, XREAL_1:7; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= ((abs r) + 1) * (abs (x1 - x2)) ; ::_thesis: verum end; 0 + 0 < (abs r) + 1 by COMPLEX1:46, XREAL_1:8; then f | X is Lipschitzian by A2, Th32; hence f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th42: :: FCONT_1:42 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ) holds f | (dom f) is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ) implies f | (dom f) is continuous ) reconsider f1 = id (dom f) as PartFunc of REAL,REAL ; assume A1: for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ; ::_thesis: f | (dom f) is continuous A2: now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_set_st_x0_in_dom_f_holds_ f_._x0_=_(f1_._x0)_*_(f1_._x0) let x0 be set ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom f implies f . x0 = (f1 . x0) * (f1 . x0) ) assume A3: x0 in dom f ; ::_thesis: f . x0 = (f1 . x0) * (f1 . x0) then reconsider x1 = x0 as Real ; thus f . x0 = x1 ^2 by A1, A3 .= (f1 . x1) * x1 by A3, FUNCT_1:18 .= (f1 . x0) * (f1 . x0) by A3, FUNCT_1:18 ; ::_thesis: verum end; (dom f1) /\ (dom f1) = dom f by RELAT_1:45; then f = f1 (#) f1 by A2, VALUED_1:def_4; hence f | (dom f) is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:43 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ) holds f | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st X c= dom f & ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ) holds f | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( X c= dom f & ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ) implies f | X is continuous ) assume that A1: X c= dom f and A2: for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = x0 ^2 ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous X = (dom f) /\ X by A1, XBOOLE_1:28; then A3: X = dom (f | X) by RELAT_1:61; now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x0_=_x0_^2 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies (f | X) . x0 = x0 ^2 ) assume A4: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x0 = x0 ^2 then f . x0 = x0 ^2 by A2; hence (f | X) . x0 = x0 ^2 by A4, FUNCT_1:47; ::_thesis: verum end; then (f | X) | X is continuous by A3, Th42; hence f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th44: :: FCONT_1:44 for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = abs x0 ) holds f is continuous proof let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = abs x0 ) implies f is continuous ) assume A1: for x0 being real number st x0 in dom f holds f . x0 = abs x0 ; ::_thesis: f is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x1,_x2_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_f_&_x2_in_dom_f_holds_ abs_((f_._x1)_-_(f_._x2))_<=_1_*_(abs_(x1_-_x2)) let x1, x2 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f implies abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) ) assume ( x1 in dom f & x2 in dom f ) ; ::_thesis: abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) then ( f . x1 = abs x1 & f . x2 = abs x2 ) by A1; hence abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) <= 1 * (abs (x1 - x2)) by COMPLEX1:64; ::_thesis: verum end; then f is Lipschitzian by Def3; hence f is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:45 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = abs x0 ) holds f | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = abs x0 ) holds f | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = abs x0 ) implies f | X is continuous ) assume A1: for x0 being real number st x0 in X holds f . x0 = abs x0 ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous now__::_thesis:_for_x0_being_real_number_st_x0_in_dom_(f_|_X)_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x0_=_abs_x0 let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies (f | X) . x0 = abs x0 ) assume A2: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x0 = abs x0 then f . x0 = abs x0 by A1; hence (f | X) . x0 = abs x0 by A2, FUNCT_1:47; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is continuous by Th44; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th46: :: FCONT_1:46 for X being set for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is monotone & ex p, g being real number st ( p <= g & f .: X = [.p,g.] ) holds f | X is continuous proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f | X is monotone & ex p, g being real number st ( p <= g & f .: X = [.p,g.] ) holds f | X is continuous let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( f | X is monotone & ex p, g being real number st ( p <= g & f .: X = [.p,g.] ) implies f | X is continuous ) assume A1: f | X is monotone ; ::_thesis: ( for p, g being real number holds ( not p <= g or not f .: X = [.p,g.] ) or f | X is continuous ) given p, g being real number such that A2: p <= g and A3: f .: X = [.p,g.] ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous reconsider p = p, g = g as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; now__::_thesis:_f_|_X_is_continuous percases ( p = g or p < g ) by A2, XXREAL_0:1; suppose p = g ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous then f .: X = {p} by A3, XXREAL_1:17; then rng (f | X) = {p} by RELAT_1:115; then f | X is V8() ; hence f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA4: p < g ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous now__::_thesis:_f_|_X_is_continuous percases ( f | X is non-decreasing or f | X is non-increasing ) by A1, RFUNCT_2:def_5; suppose f | X is non-decreasing ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous then A5: (f | X) | X is non-decreasing ; for x0 being real number st x0 in dom (f | X) holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 proof A6: [.p,g.] = ].p,g.[ \/ {p,g} by A2, XXREAL_1:128; let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in x0 ) A7: (f | X) .: X = f .: X by RELAT_1:129; assume A8: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x0 A9: (f | X) . x0 in (f | X) .: X by A8, FUNCT_1:def_6; reconsider x0 = x0 as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; (f | X) . x0 in [.p,g.] by A3, A9, RELAT_1:129; then A10: ( (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ or (f | X) . x0 in {p,g} ) by A6, XBOOLE_0:def_3; now__::_thesis:_for_N1_being_Neighbourhood_of_(f_|_X)_._x0_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_ for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x1_in_N_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x1_in_N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 now__::_thesis:_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_ for_x_being_Real_st_x_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x_in_N_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x_in_N1 percases ( (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ or (f | X) . x0 = p or (f | X) . x0 = g ) by A10, TARSKI:def_2; suppose (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 then consider N2 being Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0 such that A11: N2 c= ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:18; A12: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; consider N3 being Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0 such that A13: N3 c= N1 and A14: N3 c= N2 by RCOMP_1:17; consider r being real number such that A15: r > 0 and A16: N3 = ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; A17: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) < (((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)) + (r / 2) by A15, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; set M2 = ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2); A18: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A15, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; A19: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + r by A15, XREAL_1:29; then ((f | X) . x0) - r < (((f | X) . x0) + r) - r by XREAL_1:9; then ((f | X) . x0) - r < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A18, XXREAL_0:2; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - r < s & s < ((f | X) . x0) + r ) } by A17; then A20: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in N2 by A14, A16; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in ].p,g.[ by A11; then consider x2 being Real such that A21: ( x2 in dom (f | X) & x2 in X ) and A22: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) = (f | X) . x2 by A3, A7, A12, PARTFUN2:59; A23: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; set M1 = ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2); A24: ((f | X) . x0) - r < (((f | X) . x0) - r) + (r / 2) by A15, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < (f | X) . x0 by A18, XREAL_1:19; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < ((f | X) . x0) + r by A19, XXREAL_0:2; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - r < s & s < ((f | X) . x0) + r ) } by A24; then A25: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in N2 by A14, A16; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in ].p,g.[ by A11; then consider x1 being Real such that A26: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A27: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A7, A23, PARTFUN2:59; A28: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A15, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; then A29: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < (f | X) . x0 by XREAL_1:19; A30: now__::_thesis:_not_x0_<_x1 assume A31: x0 < x1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A8, A26, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A5, A27, A29, A31, RFUNCT_2:22; ::_thesis: verum end; A32: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) > (f | X) . x0 by A15, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; A33: now__::_thesis:_not_x2_<_x0 assume A34: x2 < x0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x2 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A8, A21, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A5, A22, A32, A34, RFUNCT_2:22; ::_thesis: verum end; x0 <> x2 by A15, A22, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; then x0 < x2 by A33, XXREAL_0:1; then A35: x2 - x0 > 0 by XREAL_1:50; set R = min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)); A36: min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)) <= x2 - x0 by XXREAL_0:17; x1 <> x0 by A27, A28, XREAL_1:19; then x1 < x0 by A30, XXREAL_0:1; then x0 - x1 > 0 by XREAL_1:50; then min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)) > 0 by A35, XXREAL_0:15; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)))),(x0 + (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)))).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A37: x in dom (f | X) and A38: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 A39: x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A37, XBOOLE_1:28; x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) < s & s < x0 + (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) ) } by A38, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A40: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) < s & s < x0 + (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) ) ; then x0 < (min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) + x by XREAL_1:19; then A41: x0 - x < ((min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0))) + x) - x by XREAL_1:9; min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)) <= x0 - x1 by XXREAL_0:17; then x0 - x < x0 - x1 by A41, XXREAL_0:2; then - (x0 - x) > - (x0 - x1) by XREAL_1:24; then A42: (x - x0) + x0 > (x1 - x0) + x0 by XREAL_1:6; x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A26, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then A43: (f | X) . x1 <= (f | X) . x by A5, A42, A39, RFUNCT_2:22; x - x0 < min ((x0 - x1),(x2 - x0)) by A40, XREAL_1:19; then x - x0 < x2 - x0 by A36, XXREAL_0:2; then A44: (x - x0) + x0 < (x2 - x0) + x0 by XREAL_1:6; x2 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A21, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (f | X) . x <= (f | X) . x2 by A5, A44, A39, RFUNCT_2:22; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) <= s & s <= ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) ) } by A27, A22, A43; then A45: (f | X) . x in [.(((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2)),(((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; [.(((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2)),(((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)).] c= ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by A25, A20, XXREAL_2:def_12; then (f | X) . x in N3 by A16, A45; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A13; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA46: (f | X) . x0 = p ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 then consider r being real number such that A47: r > 0 and A48: N1 = ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; set R = (min (r,(g - p))) / 2; g - p > 0 by A4, XREAL_1:50; then A49: min (r,(g - p)) > 0 by A47, XXREAL_0:15; then A50: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < min (r,(g - p)) by XREAL_1:216; min (r,(g - p)) <= r by XXREAL_0:17; then A51: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < r by A50, XXREAL_0:2; then A52: p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p + r by XREAL_1:6; A53: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p by A49, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; - r < - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A51, XREAL_1:24; then A54: p + (- r) < p + (- ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)) by XREAL_1:6; p < p + r by A47, XREAL_1:29; then p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p + r by A53, XXREAL_0:2; then p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p - r < s & s < p + r ) } by A54; then A55: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; A56: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; A57: p < p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A49, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; min (r,(g - p)) <= g - p by XXREAL_0:17; then (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < g - p by A50, XXREAL_0:2; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g by XREAL_1:20; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p < s & s < g ) } by A57; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then consider x1 being Real such that A58: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A59: p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A7, A56, PARTFUN2:59; A60: x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A58, XBOOLE_0:def_4; now__::_thesis:_not_x1_<_x0 assume A61: x1 < x0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A8, A58, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A5, A46, A57, A59, A61, RFUNCT_2:22; ::_thesis: verum end; then x0 < x1 by A46, A57, A59, XXREAL_0:1; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (x1 - x0)),(x0 + (x1 - x0)).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6, XREAL_1:50; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A62: x in dom (f | X) and A63: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (x1 - x0) < s & s < x0 + (x1 - x0) ) } by A63, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A64: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (x1 - x0) < s & s < x0 + (x1 - x0) ) ; (f | X) . x in [.p,g.] by A3, A7, A62, FUNCT_1:def_6; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) } by RCOMP_1:def_1; then ex s being Real st ( s = (f | X) . x & p <= s & s <= g ) ; then A65: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= (f | X) . x by A53, XXREAL_0:2; x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A62, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (f | X) . x <= p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A5, A59, A60, A64, RFUNCT_2:22; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= s & s <= p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) ) } by A65; then A66: (f | X) . x in [.(p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; p - r < p by A47, XREAL_1:44; then p - r < p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A57, XXREAL_0:2; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p - r < s & s < p + r ) } by A52; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then [.(p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] c= N1 by A48, A55, XXREAL_2:def_12; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A66; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA67: (f | X) . x0 = g ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 A68: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; consider r being real number such that A69: r > 0 and A70: N1 = ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by A67, RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; set R = (min (r,(g - p))) / 2; g - p > 0 by A4, XREAL_1:50; then A71: min (r,(g - p)) > 0 by A69, XXREAL_0:15; then A72: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < min (r,(g - p)) by XREAL_1:216; A73: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g by A71, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; min (r,(g - p)) <= g - p by XXREAL_0:17; then (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < g - p by A72, XXREAL_0:2; then ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) + p < g by XREAL_1:20; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) > p by XREAL_1:20; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p < s & s < g ) } by A73; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then consider x1 being Real such that A74: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A75: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A7, A68, PARTFUN2:59; A76: now__::_thesis:_not_x0_<_x1 assume A77: x0 < x1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A8, A74, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A5, A67, A73, A75, A77, RFUNCT_2:22; ::_thesis: verum end; min (r,(g - p)) <= r by XXREAL_0:17; then A78: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < r by A72, XXREAL_0:2; then A79: g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g + r by XREAL_1:6; - r < - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A78, XREAL_1:24; then A80: g + (- r) < g + (- ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)) by XREAL_1:6; g < g + r by A69, XREAL_1:29; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g + r by A73, XXREAL_0:2; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( g - r < s & s < g + r ) } by A80; then A81: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; A82: x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A74, XBOOLE_0:def_4; A83: g < g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A71, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; x1 <> x0 by A67, A71, A75, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; then x1 < x0 by A76, XXREAL_0:1; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (x0 - x1)),(x0 + (x0 - x1)).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6, XREAL_1:50; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A84: x in dom (f | X) and A85: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (x0 - x1) < s & s < x0 + (x0 - x1) ) } by A85, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A86: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (x0 - x1) < s & s < x0 + (x0 - x1) ) ; (f | X) . x in [.p,g.] by A3, A7, A84, FUNCT_1:def_6; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) } by RCOMP_1:def_1; then ex s being Real st ( s = (f | X) . x & p <= s & s <= g ) ; then A87: (f | X) . x <= g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A83, XXREAL_0:2; x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A84, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= (f | X) . x by A5, A75, A82, A86, RFUNCT_2:22; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= s & s <= g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) ) } by A87; then A88: (f | X) . x in [.(g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; g - r < g by A69, XREAL_1:44; then g - r < g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A83, XXREAL_0:2; then g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( g - r < s & s < g + r ) } by A79; then g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then [.(g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] c= N1 by A70, A81, XXREAL_2:def_12; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A88; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; then consider N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A89: for x1 being Real st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 ; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 thus for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 by A89; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is_continuous_in x0 by Th4; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose f | X is non-increasing ; ::_thesis: f | X is continuous then A90: (f | X) | X is non-increasing ; for x0 being real number st x0 in dom (f | X) holds f | X is_continuous_in x0 proof A91: [.p,g.] = ].p,g.[ \/ {p,g} by A2, XXREAL_1:128; let x0 be real number ; ::_thesis: ( x0 in dom (f | X) implies f | X is_continuous_in x0 ) A92: (f | X) .: X = f .: X by RELAT_1:129; assume A93: x0 in dom (f | X) ; ::_thesis: f | X is_continuous_in x0 A94: (f | X) . x0 in (f | X) .: X by A93, FUNCT_1:def_6; reconsider x0 = x0 as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; (f | X) . x0 in [.p,g.] by A3, A94, RELAT_1:129; then A95: ( (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ or (f | X) . x0 in {p,g} ) by A91, XBOOLE_0:def_3; now__::_thesis:_for_N1_being_Neighbourhood_of_(f_|_X)_._x0_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_ for_x1_being_real_number_st_x1_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x1_in_N_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x1_in_N1 let N1 be Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 now__::_thesis:_ex_N_being_Neighbourhood_of_x0_st_ for_x_being_Real_st_x_in_dom_(f_|_X)_&_x_in_N_holds_ (f_|_X)_._x_in_N1 percases ( (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ or (f | X) . x0 = p or (f | X) . x0 = g ) by A95, TARSKI:def_2; suppose (f | X) . x0 in ].p,g.[ ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 then consider N2 being Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0 such that A96: N2 c= ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:18; A97: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; consider N3 being Neighbourhood of (f | X) . x0 such that A98: N3 c= N1 and A99: N3 c= N2 by RCOMP_1:17; consider r being real number such that A100: r > 0 and A101: N3 = ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; A102: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) < (((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)) + (r / 2) by A100, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; set M2 = ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2); A103: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A100, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; A104: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + r by A100, XREAL_1:29; then ((f | X) . x0) - r < (((f | X) . x0) + r) - r by XREAL_1:9; then ((f | X) . x0) - r < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A103, XXREAL_0:2; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - r < s & s < ((f | X) . x0) + r ) } by A102; then A105: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in N2 by A99, A101; then ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) in ].p,g.[ by A96; then consider x2 being Real such that A106: ( x2 in dom (f | X) & x2 in X ) and A107: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) = (f | X) . x2 by A3, A92, A97, PARTFUN2:59; A108: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; set M1 = ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2); A109: ((f | X) . x0) - r < (((f | X) . x0) - r) + (r / 2) by A100, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < (f | X) . x0 by A103, XREAL_1:19; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < ((f | X) . x0) + r by A104, XXREAL_0:2; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - r < s & s < ((f | X) . x0) + r ) } by A109; then A110: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in N2 by A99, A101; then ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) in ].p,g.[ by A96; then consider x1 being Real such that A111: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A112: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A92, A108, PARTFUN2:59; A113: (f | X) . x0 < ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) by A100, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; then A114: ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) < (f | X) . x0 by XREAL_1:19; A115: now__::_thesis:_not_x0_>_x1 assume A116: x0 > x1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A93, A111, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A90, A112, A114, A116, RFUNCT_2:23; ::_thesis: verum end; A117: ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) > (f | X) . x0 by A100, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; A118: now__::_thesis:_not_x2_>_x0 assume A119: x2 > x0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x2 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A93, A106, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A90, A107, A117, A119, RFUNCT_2:23; ::_thesis: verum end; x0 <> x2 by A100, A107, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; then x0 > x2 by A118, XXREAL_0:1; then A120: x0 - x2 > 0 by XREAL_1:50; set R = min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)); A121: min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)) <= x1 - x0 by XXREAL_0:17; x1 <> x0 by A112, A113, XREAL_1:19; then x1 > x0 by A115, XXREAL_0:1; then x1 - x0 > 0 by XREAL_1:50; then min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)) > 0 by A120, XXREAL_0:15; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)))),(x0 + (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)))).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A122: x in dom (f | X) and A123: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 A124: x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A122, XBOOLE_1:28; x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) < s & s < x0 + (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) ) } by A123, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A125: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) < s & s < x0 + (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) ) ; then x0 < (min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) + x by XREAL_1:19; then A126: x0 - x < ((min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2))) + x) - x by XREAL_1:9; x - x0 < min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)) by A125, XREAL_1:19; then x - x0 < x1 - x0 by A121, XXREAL_0:2; then A127: (x - x0) + x0 < (x1 - x0) + x0 by XREAL_1:6; x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A111, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then A128: (f | X) . x1 <= (f | X) . x by A90, A127, A124, RFUNCT_2:23; min ((x1 - x0),(x0 - x2)) <= x0 - x2 by XXREAL_0:17; then x0 - x < x0 - x2 by A126, XXREAL_0:2; then - (x0 - x) > - (x0 - x2) by XREAL_1:24; then A129: (x - x0) + x0 > (x2 - x0) + x0 by XREAL_1:6; x2 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A106, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (f | X) . x <= (f | X) . x2 by A90, A129, A124, RFUNCT_2:23; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( ((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2) <= s & s <= ((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2) ) } by A112, A107, A128; then A130: (f | X) . x in [.(((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2)),(((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; [.(((f | X) . x0) - (r / 2)),(((f | X) . x0) + (r / 2)).] c= ].(((f | X) . x0) - r),(((f | X) . x0) + r).[ by A110, A105, XXREAL_2:def_12; then (f | X) . x in N3 by A101, A130; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A98; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA131: (f | X) . x0 = p ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 then consider r being real number such that A132: r > 0 and A133: N1 = ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; set R = (min (r,(g - p))) / 2; g - p > 0 by A4, XREAL_1:50; then A134: min (r,(g - p)) > 0 by A132, XXREAL_0:15; then A135: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < min (r,(g - p)) by XREAL_1:216; min (r,(g - p)) <= r by XXREAL_0:17; then A136: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < r by A135, XXREAL_0:2; then A137: p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p + r by XREAL_1:6; A138: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p by A134, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; - r < - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A136, XREAL_1:24; then A139: p + (- r) < p + (- ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)) by XREAL_1:6; p < p + r by A132, XREAL_1:29; then p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < p + r by A138, XXREAL_0:2; then p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p - r < s & s < p + r ) } by A139; then A140: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; A141: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; A142: p < p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A134, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; min (r,(g - p)) <= g - p by XXREAL_0:17; then (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < g - p by A135, XXREAL_0:2; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g by XREAL_1:20; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p < s & s < g ) } by A142; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then consider x1 being Real such that A143: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A144: p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A92, A141, PARTFUN2:59; A145: x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A143, XBOOLE_0:def_4; now__::_thesis:_not_x1_>_x0 assume A146: x1 > x0 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A93, A143, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A90, A131, A142, A144, A146, RFUNCT_2:23; ::_thesis: verum end; then x0 > x1 by A131, A142, A144, XXREAL_0:1; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (x0 - x1)),(x0 + (x0 - x1)).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6, XREAL_1:50; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A147: x in dom (f | X) and A148: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (x0 - x1) < s & s < x0 + (x0 - x1) ) } by A148, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A149: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (x0 - x1) < s & s < x0 + (x0 - x1) ) ; (f | X) . x in [.p,g.] by A3, A92, A147, FUNCT_1:def_6; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) } by RCOMP_1:def_1; then ex s being Real st ( s = (f | X) . x & p <= s & s <= g ) ; then A150: p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= (f | X) . x by A138, XXREAL_0:2; x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A147, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then (f | X) . x <= p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A90, A144, A145, A149, RFUNCT_2:23; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= s & s <= p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) ) } by A150; then A151: (f | X) . x in [.(p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; p - r < p by A132, XREAL_1:44; then p - r < p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A142, XXREAL_0:2; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p - r < s & s < p + r ) } by A137; then p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(p - r),(p + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then [.(p - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(p + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] c= N1 by A133, A140, XXREAL_2:def_12; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A151; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA152: (f | X) . x0 = g ; ::_thesis: ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 A153: ].p,g.[ c= [.p,g.] by XXREAL_1:25; consider r being real number such that A154: r > 0 and A155: N1 = ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by A152, RCOMP_1:def_6; reconsider r = r as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; set R = (min (r,(g - p))) / 2; g - p > 0 by A4, XREAL_1:50; then A156: min (r,(g - p)) > 0 by A154, XXREAL_0:15; then A157: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < min (r,(g - p)) by XREAL_1:216; A158: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g by A156, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; min (r,(g - p)) <= g - p by XXREAL_0:17; then (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < g - p by A157, XXREAL_0:2; then ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) + p < g by XREAL_1:20; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) > p by XREAL_1:20; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( p < s & s < g ) } by A158; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].p,g.[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then consider x1 being Real such that A159: ( x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in X ) and A160: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) = (f | X) . x1 by A3, A92, A153, PARTFUN2:59; A161: now__::_thesis:_not_x0_>_x1 assume A162: x0 > x1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction ( x0 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) & x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) ) by A93, A159, XBOOLE_0:def_4; hence contradiction by A90, A152, A158, A160, A162, RFUNCT_2:23; ::_thesis: verum end; min (r,(g - p)) <= r by XXREAL_0:17; then A163: (min (r,(g - p))) / 2 < r by A157, XXREAL_0:2; then A164: g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g + r by XREAL_1:6; - r < - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A163, XREAL_1:24; then A165: g + (- r) < g + (- ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)) by XREAL_1:6; g < g + r by A154, XREAL_1:29; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) < g + r by A158, XXREAL_0:2; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( g - r < s & s < g + r ) } by A165; then A166: g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; A167: x1 in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A159, XBOOLE_0:def_4; A168: g < g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A156, XREAL_1:29, XREAL_1:215; x1 <> x0 by A152, A156, A160, XREAL_1:44, XREAL_1:215; then x1 > x0 by A161, XXREAL_0:1; then reconsider N = ].(x0 - (x1 - x0)),(x0 + (x1 - x0)).[ as Neighbourhood of x0 by RCOMP_1:def_6, XREAL_1:50; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x being Real st x in dom (f | X) & x in N holds (f | X) . x in N1 let x be Real; ::_thesis: ( x in dom (f | X) & x in N implies (f | X) . x in N1 ) assume that A169: x in dom (f | X) and A170: x in N ; ::_thesis: (f | X) . x in N1 x in { s where s is Real : ( x0 - (x1 - x0) < s & s < x0 + (x1 - x0) ) } by A170, RCOMP_1:def_2; then A171: ex s being Real st ( s = x & x0 - (x1 - x0) < s & s < x0 + (x1 - x0) ) ; (f | X) . x in [.p,g.] by A3, A92, A169, FUNCT_1:def_6; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) } by RCOMP_1:def_1; then ex s being Real st ( s = (f | X) . x & p <= s & s <= g ) ; then A172: (f | X) . x <= g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A168, XXREAL_0:2; x in X /\ (dom (f | X)) by A169, XBOOLE_0:def_4; then g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= (f | X) . x by A90, A160, A167, A171, RFUNCT_2:23; then (f | X) . x in { s where s is Real : ( g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) <= s & s <= g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) ) } by A172; then A173: (f | X) . x in [.(g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] by RCOMP_1:def_1; g - r < g by A154, XREAL_1:44; then g - r < g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) by A168, XXREAL_0:2; then g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in { s where s is Real : ( g - r < s & s < g + r ) } by A164; then g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2) in ].(g - r),(g + r).[ by RCOMP_1:def_2; then [.(g - ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)),(g + ((min (r,(g - p))) / 2)).] c= N1 by A155, A166, XXREAL_2:def_12; hence (f | X) . x in N1 by A173; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; then consider N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A174: for x1 being Real st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 ; take N = N; ::_thesis: for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 thus for x1 being real number st x1 in dom (f | X) & x1 in N holds (f | X) . x1 in N1 by A174; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is_continuous_in x0 by Th4; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f | X is continuous by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence f | X is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:47 for p, g being real number for f being one-to-one PartFunc of REAL,REAL st p <= g & [.p,g.] c= dom f & ( f | [.p,g.] is increasing or f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ) holds ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous proof let p, g be real number ; ::_thesis: for f being one-to-one PartFunc of REAL,REAL st p <= g & [.p,g.] c= dom f & ( f | [.p,g.] is increasing or f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ) holds ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous let f be one-to-one PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( p <= g & [.p,g.] c= dom f & ( f | [.p,g.] is increasing or f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ) implies ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous ) assume that A1: p <= g and A2: [.p,g.] c= dom f and A3: ( f | [.p,g.] is increasing or f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ) ; ::_thesis: ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous reconsider p = p, g = g as Real by XREAL_0:def_1; now__::_thesis:_((f_|_[.p,g.])_")_|_(f_.:_[.p,g.])_is_continuous percases ( f | [.p,g.] is increasing or f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ) by A3; supposeA4: f | [.p,g.] is increasing ; ::_thesis: ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous A5: ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (f .: [.p,g.]) = ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (rng (f | [.p,g.])) by RELAT_1:115 .= ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (dom ((f | [.p,g.]) ")) by FUNCT_1:33 .= rng ((f | [.p,g.]) ") by RELAT_1:113 .= dom (f | [.p,g.]) by FUNCT_1:33 .= (dom f) /\ [.p,g.] by RELAT_1:61 .= [.p,g.] by A2, XBOOLE_1:28 ; ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is increasing by A4, RFUNCT_2:51; hence ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous by A1, A5, Th46; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA6: f | [.p,g.] is decreasing ; ::_thesis: ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous A7: ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (f .: [.p,g.]) = ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (rng (f | [.p,g.])) by RELAT_1:115 .= ((f | [.p,g.]) ") .: (dom ((f | [.p,g.]) ")) by FUNCT_1:33 .= rng ((f | [.p,g.]) ") by RELAT_1:113 .= dom (f | [.p,g.]) by FUNCT_1:33 .= (dom f) /\ [.p,g.] by RELAT_1:61 .= [.p,g.] by A2, XBOOLE_1:28 ; ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is decreasing by A6, RFUNCT_2:52; hence ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous by A1, A7, Th46; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence ((f | [.p,g.]) ") | (f .: [.p,g.]) is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let a, b be real number ; func AffineMap (a,b) -> Function of REAL,REAL means :Def4: :: FCONT_1:def 4 for x being real number holds it . x = (a * x) + b; existence ex b1 being Function of REAL,REAL st for x being real number holds b1 . x = (a * x) + b proof reconsider a9 = a, b9 = b as Element of REAL by XREAL_0:def_1; deffunc H1( Real) -> Element of REAL = (a9 * $1) + b9; consider f being Function of REAL,REAL such that A1: for x being Element of REAL holds f . x = H1(x) from FUNCT_2:sch_4(); take f ; ::_thesis: for x being real number holds f . x = (a * x) + b let x be real number ; ::_thesis: f . x = (a * x) + b reconsider x9 = x as Element of REAL by XREAL_0:def_1; f . x9 = (a9 * x) + b9 by A1; hence f . x = (a * x) + b ; ::_thesis: verum end; uniqueness for b1, b2 being Function of REAL,REAL st ( for x being real number holds b1 . x = (a * x) + b ) & ( for x being real number holds b2 . x = (a * x) + b ) holds b1 = b2 proof let f, f9 be Function of REAL,REAL; ::_thesis: ( ( for x being real number holds f . x = (a * x) + b ) & ( for x being real number holds f9 . x = (a * x) + b ) implies f = f9 ) assume that A2: for x being real number holds f . x = (a * x) + b and A3: for x being real number holds f9 . x = (a * x) + b ; ::_thesis: f = f9 now__::_thesis:_for_x_being_Element_of_REAL_holds_f_._x_=_f9_._x let x be Element of REAL ; ::_thesis: f . x = f9 . x thus f . x = (a * x) + b by A2 .= f9 . x by A3 ; ::_thesis: verum end; hence f = f9 by FUNCT_2:63; ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem Def4 defines AffineMap FCONT_1:def_4_:_ for a, b being real number for b3 being Function of REAL,REAL holds ( b3 = AffineMap (a,b) iff for x being real number holds b3 . x = (a * x) + b ); registration let a, b be real number ; cluster AffineMap (a,b) -> continuous ; coherence AffineMap (a,b) is continuous proof set f = AffineMap (a,b); for x0 being real number st x0 in REAL holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . x0 = (a * x0) + b by Def4; then ( REAL = dom (AffineMap (a,b)) & (AffineMap (a,b)) | REAL is continuous ) by Th41, FUNCT_2:def_1; hence AffineMap (a,b) is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster Relation-like REAL -defined REAL -valued Function-like non empty total quasi_total complex-valued ext-real-valued real-valued continuous for Element of bool [:REAL,REAL:]; existence ex b1 being Function of REAL,REAL st b1 is continuous proof take AffineMap (1,1) ; ::_thesis: AffineMap (1,1) is continuous thus AffineMap (1,1) is continuous ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem Th48: :: FCONT_1:48 for a, b being real number holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . 0 = b proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . 0 = b thus (AffineMap (a,b)) . 0 = (a * 0) + b by Def4 .= b ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th49: :: FCONT_1:49 for a, b being real number holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . 1 = a + b proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . 1 = a + b thus (AffineMap (a,b)) . 1 = (a * 1) + b by Def4 .= a + b ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th50: :: FCONT_1:50 for a, b being real number st a <> 0 holds AffineMap (a,b) is one-to-one proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a <> 0 implies AffineMap (a,b) is one-to-one ) assume A1: a <> 0 ; ::_thesis: AffineMap (a,b) is one-to-one let x1, x2 be set ; :: according to FUNCT_1:def_4 ::_thesis: ( not x1 in dom (AffineMap (a,b)) or not x2 in dom (AffineMap (a,b)) or not (AffineMap (a,b)) . x1 = (AffineMap (a,b)) . x2 or x1 = x2 ) set f = AffineMap (a,b); assume x1 in dom (AffineMap (a,b)) ; ::_thesis: ( not x2 in dom (AffineMap (a,b)) or not (AffineMap (a,b)) . x1 = (AffineMap (a,b)) . x2 or x1 = x2 ) then reconsider r1 = x1 as real number ; assume x2 in dom (AffineMap (a,b)) ; ::_thesis: ( not (AffineMap (a,b)) . x1 = (AffineMap (a,b)) . x2 or x1 = x2 ) then reconsider r2 = x2 as real number ; assume (AffineMap (a,b)) . x1 = (AffineMap (a,b)) . x2 ; ::_thesis: x1 = x2 then (a * r1) + b = (AffineMap (a,b)) . x2 by Def4 .= (a * r2) + b by Def4 ; hence x1 = x2 by A1, XCMPLX_1:5; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:51 for a, b, x, y being real number st a > 0 & x < y holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . x < (AffineMap (a,b)) . y proof let a, b, x, y be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a > 0 & x < y implies (AffineMap (a,b)) . x < (AffineMap (a,b)) . y ) assume ( a > 0 & x < y ) ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . x < (AffineMap (a,b)) . y then A1: a * x < a * y by XREAL_1:68; ( (AffineMap (a,b)) . x = (a * x) + b & (AffineMap (a,b)) . y = (a * y) + b ) by Def4; hence (AffineMap (a,b)) . x < (AffineMap (a,b)) . y by A1, XREAL_1:8; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:52 for a, b, x, y being real number st a < 0 & x < y holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . x > (AffineMap (a,b)) . y proof let a, b, x, y be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a < 0 & x < y implies (AffineMap (a,b)) . x > (AffineMap (a,b)) . y ) assume ( a < 0 & x < y ) ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . x > (AffineMap (a,b)) . y then A1: a * x > a * y by XREAL_1:69; ( (AffineMap (a,b)) . x = (a * x) + b & (AffineMap (a,b)) . y = (a * y) + b ) by Def4; hence (AffineMap (a,b)) . x > (AffineMap (a,b)) . y by A1, XREAL_1:8; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th53: :: FCONT_1:53 for a, b, x, y being real number st a >= 0 & x <= y holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . x <= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y proof let a, b, x, y be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a >= 0 & x <= y implies (AffineMap (a,b)) . x <= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y ) assume ( a >= 0 & x <= y ) ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . x <= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y then A1: a * x <= a * y by XREAL_1:64; ( (AffineMap (a,b)) . x = (a * x) + b & (AffineMap (a,b)) . y = (a * y) + b ) by Def4; hence (AffineMap (a,b)) . x <= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y by A1, XREAL_1:7; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:54 for a, b, x, y being real number st a <= 0 & x <= y holds (AffineMap (a,b)) . x >= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y proof let a, b, x, y be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a <= 0 & x <= y implies (AffineMap (a,b)) . x >= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y ) assume ( a <= 0 & x <= y ) ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) . x >= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y then A1: a * x >= a * y by XREAL_1:65; ( (AffineMap (a,b)) . x = (a * x) + b & (AffineMap (a,b)) . y = (a * y) + b ) by Def4; hence (AffineMap (a,b)) . x >= (AffineMap (a,b)) . y by A1, XREAL_1:7; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th55: :: FCONT_1:55 for a, b being real number st a <> 0 holds rng (AffineMap (a,b)) = REAL proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a <> 0 implies rng (AffineMap (a,b)) = REAL ) assume A1: a <> 0 ; ::_thesis: rng (AffineMap (a,b)) = REAL thus rng (AffineMap (a,b)) c= REAL ; :: according to XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: REAL c= rng (AffineMap (a,b)) let e be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not e in REAL or e in rng (AffineMap (a,b)) ) assume e in REAL ; ::_thesis: e in rng (AffineMap (a,b)) then reconsider r = e as Element of REAL ; set s = (r - b) / a; (AffineMap (a,b)) . ((r - b) / a) = (a * ((r - b) / a)) + b by Def4 .= (r - b) + b by A1, XCMPLX_1:87 .= r ; hence e in rng (AffineMap (a,b)) by FUNCT_2:4; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:56 for a, b being real number st a <> 0 holds (AffineMap (a,b)) " = AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a))) proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a <> 0 implies (AffineMap (a,b)) " = AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a))) ) assume A1: a <> 0 ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) " = AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a))) for x being Element of REAL holds ((AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) * (AffineMap (a,b))) . x = (id REAL) . x proof let x be Element of REAL ; ::_thesis: ((AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) * (AffineMap (a,b))) . x = (id REAL) . x thus ((AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) * (AffineMap (a,b))) . x = (AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) . ((AffineMap (a,b)) . x) by FUNCT_2:15 .= (AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) . ((a * x) + b) by Def4 .= ((a ") * ((a * x) + b)) + (- (b / a)) by Def4 .= ((((a ") * a) * x) + ((a ") * b)) + (- (b / a)) .= ((1 * x) + ((a ") * b)) + (- (b / a)) by A1, XCMPLX_0:def_7 .= (x + ((a ") * b)) - (b / a) .= (x + (b / a)) - (b / a) by XCMPLX_0:def_9 .= (id REAL) . x by FUNCT_1:18 ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A2: (AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a)))) * (AffineMap (a,b)) = id REAL by FUNCT_2:63; rng (AffineMap (a,b)) = REAL by A1, Th55; hence (AffineMap (a,b)) " = AffineMap ((a "),(- (b / a))) by A1, A2, Th50, FUNCT_2:30; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FCONT_1:57 for a, b being real number st a > 0 holds (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] = [.b,(a + b).] proof let a, b be real number ; ::_thesis: ( a > 0 implies (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] = [.b,(a + b).] ) assume A1: a > 0 ; ::_thesis: (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] = [.b,(a + b).] thus (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] c= [.b,(a + b).] :: according to XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: [.b,(a + b).] c= (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] proof A2: (AffineMap (a,b)) . 1 = a + b by Th49; let u be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not u in (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] or u in [.b,(a + b).] ) assume u in (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] ; ::_thesis: u in [.b,(a + b).] then consider r being Element of REAL such that A3: r in [.0,1.] and A4: u = (AffineMap (a,b)) . r by FUNCT_2:65; reconsider s = u as real number by A4; r <= 1 by A3, XXREAL_1:1; then A5: s <= a + b by A1, A4, A2, Th53; A6: (AffineMap (a,b)) . 0 = b by Th48; 0 <= r by A3, XXREAL_1:1; then b <= s by A1, A4, A6, Th53; hence u in [.b,(a + b).] by A5, XXREAL_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; let u be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not u in [.b,(a + b).] or u in (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] ) assume A7: u in [.b,(a + b).] ; ::_thesis: u in (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] then reconsider r = u as Element of REAL ; set s = (r - b) / a; A8: (AffineMap (a,b)) . ((r - b) / a) = (a * ((r - b) / a)) + b by Def4 .= (r - b) + b by A1, XCMPLX_1:87 .= r ; r <= a + b by A7, XXREAL_1:1; then r - b <= a by XREAL_1:20; then (r - b) / a <= a / a by A1, XREAL_1:72; then A9: (r - b) / a <= 1 by A1, XCMPLX_1:60; b <= r by A7, XXREAL_1:1; then 0 <= r - b by XREAL_1:48; then (r - b) / a in [.0,1.] by A1, A9, XXREAL_1:1; hence u in (AffineMap (a,b)) .: [.0,1.] by A8, FUNCT_2:35; ::_thesis: verum end;