:: FINSET_1 semantic presentation begin definition let IT be set ; attrIT is finite means :Def1: :: FINSET_1:def 1 ex p being Function st ( rng p = IT & dom p in omega ); end; :: deftheorem Def1 defines finite FINSET_1:def_1_:_ for IT being set holds ( IT is finite iff ex p being Function st ( rng p = IT & dom p in omega ) ); notation let IT be set ; antonym infinite IT for finite ; end; Lm1: for x being set holds {x} is finite proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: {x} is finite set p = {{}} --> x; A1: dom ({{}} --> x) = {{}} by FUNCOP_1:13; take {{}} --> x ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng ({{}} --> x) = {x} & dom ({{}} --> x) in omega ) for y being set holds ( y in {x} iff ex x being set st ( x in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . x ) ) proof let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in {x} iff ex x being set st ( x in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . x ) ) thus ( y in {x} implies ex x being set st ( x in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . x ) ) ::_thesis: ( ex x being set st ( x in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . x ) implies y in {x} ) proof assume y in {x} ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . x ) then A2: y = x by TARSKI:def_1; take {} ; ::_thesis: ( {} in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . {} ) thus {} in dom ({{}} --> x) by A1, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: y = ({{}} --> x) . {} {} in {{}} by TARSKI:def_1; hence y = ({{}} --> x) . {} by A2, FUNCOP_1:7; ::_thesis: verum end; assume ex z being set st ( z in dom ({{}} --> x) & y = ({{}} --> x) . z ) ; ::_thesis: y in {x} then y = x by FUNCOP_1:7; hence y in {x} by TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence rng ({{}} --> x) = {x} by FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: dom ({{}} --> x) in omega thus dom ({{}} --> x) in omega by A1, ORDINAL3:15; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster non empty finite for set ; existence ex b1 being set st ( not b1 is empty & b1 is finite ) proof { the set } is finite by Lm1; hence ex b1 being set st ( not b1 is empty & b1 is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster empty -> finite for set ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is empty holds b1 is finite proof let A be set ; ::_thesis: ( A is empty implies A is finite ) assume A1: A is empty ; ::_thesis: A is finite take {} ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng {} = A & dom {} in omega ) thus rng {} = A by A1; ::_thesis: dom {} in omega thus dom {} in omega by ORDINAL1:def_11; ::_thesis: verum end; end; scheme :: FINSET_1:sch 1 OLambdaC{ F1() -> set , P1[ set ], F2( set ) -> set , F3( set ) -> set } : ex f being Function st ( dom f = F1() & ( for x being Ordinal st x in F1() holds ( ( P1[x] implies f . x = F2(x) ) & ( P1[x] implies f . x = F3(x) ) ) ) ) proof consider f being Function such that A1: ( dom f = F1() & ( for x being set st x in F1() holds ( ( P1[x] implies f . x = F2(x) ) & ( P1[x] implies f . x = F3(x) ) ) ) ) from PARTFUN1:sch_1(); take f ; ::_thesis: ( dom f = F1() & ( for x being Ordinal st x in F1() holds ( ( P1[x] implies f . x = F2(x) ) & ( P1[x] implies f . x = F3(x) ) ) ) ) thus ( dom f = F1() & ( for x being Ordinal st x in F1() holds ( ( P1[x] implies f . x = F2(x) ) & ( P1[x] implies f . x = F3(x) ) ) ) ) by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; Lm2: for A, B being set st A is finite & B is finite holds A \/ B is finite proof let A, B be set ; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & B is finite implies A \/ B is finite ) given p being Function such that A1: rng p = A and A2: dom p in omega ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( not B is finite or A \/ B is finite ) given q being Function such that A3: rng q = B and A4: dom q in omega ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: A \/ B is finite reconsider domp = dom p, domq = dom q as Ordinal by A2, A4; deffunc H1( Ordinal) -> set = p . $1; deffunc H2( Ordinal) -> set = q . ($1 -^ domp); defpred S1[ set ] means $1 in domp; consider f being Function such that A5: dom f = domp +^ domq and A6: for x being Ordinal st x in domp +^ domq holds ( ( S1[x] implies f . x = H1(x) ) & ( not S1[x] implies f . x = H2(x) ) ) from FINSET_1:sch_1(); take f ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng f = A \/ B & dom f in omega ) reconsider domp = domp, domq = domq as natural Ordinal by A2, A4; thus rng f = A \/ B ::_thesis: dom f in omega proof thus rng f c= A \/ B :: according to XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: A \/ B c= rng f proof let y be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not y in rng f or y in A \/ B ) assume y in rng f ; ::_thesis: y in A \/ B then consider x being set such that A7: x in dom f and A8: y = f . x by FUNCT_1:def_3; reconsider x = x as Ordinal by A5, A7; percases ( x in domp or not x in domp ) ; supposeA9: x in domp ; ::_thesis: y in A \/ B then A10: y = p . x by A5, A6, A7, A8; p . x in rng p by A9, FUNCT_1:def_3; hence y in A \/ B by A1, A10, XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; supposeA11: not x in domp ; ::_thesis: y in A \/ B then A12: domp c= x by ORDINAL1:16; A13: y = q . (x -^ domp) by A5, A6, A7, A8, A11; domp +^ (x -^ domp) = x by A12, ORDINAL3:def_5; then x -^ domp in dom q by A5, A7, ORDINAL3:22; then y in B by A3, A13, FUNCT_1:def_3; hence y in A \/ B by XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in A \/ B or x in rng f ) assume A14: x in A \/ B ; ::_thesis: x in rng f percases ( x in rng p or x in rng q ) by A1, A3, A14, XBOOLE_0:def_3; suppose x in rng p ; ::_thesis: x in rng f then consider y being set such that A15: y in dom p and A16: x = p . y by FUNCT_1:def_3; A17: dom p c= dom f by A5, ORDINAL3:24; then x = f . y by A5, A6, A15, A16; hence x in rng f by A15, A17, FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose x in rng q ; ::_thesis: x in rng f then consider y being set such that A18: y in domq and A19: x = q . y by FUNCT_1:def_3; reconsider y = y as Ordinal by A18; set z = domp +^ y; domp c= domp +^ y by ORDINAL3:24; then A20: not domp +^ y in domp by ORDINAL1:5; A21: domp +^ y in dom f by A5, A18, ORDINAL3:17; x = q . ((domp +^ y) -^ domp) by A19, ORDINAL3:52 .= f . (domp +^ y) by A5, A6, A20, A21 ; hence x in rng f by A21, FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; domp +^ domq is natural ; hence dom f in omega by A5, ORDINAL1:def_12; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let x be set ; cluster{x} -> finite ; coherence {x} is finite by Lm1; end; registration let x, y be set ; cluster{x,y} -> finite ; coherence {x,y} is finite proof {x,y} = {x} \/ {y} by ENUMSET1:1; hence {x,y} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x, y, z be set ; cluster{x,y,z} -> finite ; coherence {x,y,z} is finite proof {x,y,z} = {x} \/ {y,z} by ENUMSET1:2; hence {x,y,z} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x1, x2, x3, x4 be set ; cluster{x1,x2,x3,x4} -> finite ; coherence {x1,x2,x3,x4} is finite proof {x1,x2,x3,x4} = {x1} \/ {x2,x3,x4} by ENUMSET1:4; hence {x1,x2,x3,x4} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 be set ; cluster{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5} -> finite ; coherence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5} is finite proof {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5} = {x1} \/ {x2,x3,x4,x5} by ENUMSET1:7; hence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 be set ; cluster{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6} -> finite ; coherence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6} is finite proof {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6} = {x1} \/ {x2,x3,x4,x5,x6} by ENUMSET1:11; hence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 be set ; cluster{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7} -> finite ; coherence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7} is finite proof {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7} = {x1} \/ {x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7} by ENUMSET1:16; hence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8 be set ; cluster{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8} -> finite ; coherence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8} is finite proof {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8} = {x1} \/ {x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8} by ENUMSET1:22; hence {x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8} is finite by Lm2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let B be finite set ; cluster -> finite for Element of bool B; coherence for b1 being Subset of B holds b1 is finite proof let A be Subset of B; ::_thesis: A is finite percases ( A is empty or not A is empty ) ; suppose A is empty ; ::_thesis: A is finite hence A is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not A is empty ; ::_thesis: A is finite then consider x1 being set such that A1: x1 in A by XBOOLE_0:def_1; consider p being Function such that A2: rng p = B and A3: dom p in omega by Def1; deffunc H1( set ) -> set = p . B; deffunc H2( set ) -> set = x1; defpred S1[ set ] means p . B in A; consider q being Function such that A4: dom q = dom p and A5: for x being set st x in dom p holds ( ( S1[x] implies q . x = H1(x) ) & ( not S1[x] implies q . x = H2(x) ) ) from PARTFUN1:sch_1(); now__::_thesis:_for_y_being_set_holds_ (_(_y_in_A_implies_ex_x_being_set_st_ (_x_in_dom_q_&_y_=_q_._x_)_)_&_(_ex_x_being_set_st_ (_x_in_dom_q_&_y_=_q_._x_)_implies_y_in_A_)_) let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( y in A implies ex x being set st ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) ) & ( ex x being set st ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) implies b1 in A ) ) thus ( y in A implies ex x being set st ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) ) ::_thesis: ( ex x being set st ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) implies b1 in A ) proof assume A6: y in A ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) then consider x being set such that A7: x in dom p and A8: p . x = y by A2, FUNCT_1:def_3; take x ; ::_thesis: ( x in dom q & y = q . x ) thus x in dom q by A4, A7; ::_thesis: y = q . x thus y = q . x by A5, A6, A7, A8; ::_thesis: verum end; given x being set such that A9: x in dom q and A10: y = q . x ; ::_thesis: b1 in A percases ( p . x in A or not p . x in A ) ; suppose p . x in A ; ::_thesis: b1 in A hence y in A by A4, A5, A9, A10; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not p . x in A ; ::_thesis: b1 in A hence y in A by A1, A4, A5, A9, A10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; then rng q = A by FUNCT_1:def_3; hence A is finite by A3, A4, Def1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; registration let X, Y be finite set ; clusterX \/ Y -> finite ; coherence X \/ Y is finite by Lm2; end; theorem :: FINSET_1:1 for A, B being set st A c= B & B is finite holds A is finite ; theorem :: FINSET_1:2 for A, B being set st A is finite & B is finite holds A \/ B is finite ; registration let A be set ; let B be finite set ; clusterA /\ B -> finite ; coherence A /\ B is finite proof A /\ B c= B by XBOOLE_1:17; hence A /\ B is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be finite set ; let B be set ; clusterA /\ B -> finite ; coherence A /\ B is finite ; clusterA \ B -> finite ; coherence A \ B is finite ; end; theorem :: FINSET_1:3 for A, B being set st A is finite holds A /\ B is finite ; theorem :: FINSET_1:4 for A, B being set st A is finite holds A \ B is finite ; registration let f be Function; let A be finite set ; clusterf .: A -> finite ; coherence f .: A is finite proof set B = (dom f) /\ A; consider p being Function such that A1: rng p = (dom f) /\ A and A2: dom p in omega by Def1; take f * p ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_1 ::_thesis: ( rng (f * p) = f .: A & dom (f * p) in omega ) rng (f * p) = f .: ((dom f) /\ A) by A1, RELAT_1:127; hence rng (f * p) = f .: A by RELAT_1:112; ::_thesis: dom (f * p) in omega thus dom (f * p) in omega by A1, A2, RELAT_1:27, XBOOLE_1:17; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FINSET_1:5 for A being set for f being Function st A is finite holds f .: A is finite ; theorem Th6: :: FINSET_1:6 for A being set st A is finite holds for X being Subset-Family of A st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) proof let A be set ; ::_thesis: ( A is finite implies for X being Subset-Family of A st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) assume A1: A is finite ; ::_thesis: for X being Subset-Family of A st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) let X be Subset-Family of A; ::_thesis: ( X <> {} implies ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) assume A2: X <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) consider p being Function such that A3: rng p = A and A4: dom p in omega by A1, Def1; defpred S1[ set ] means p .: $1 in X; consider G being set such that A5: for x being set holds ( x in G iff ( x in bool (dom p) & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); G c= bool (dom p) proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in G or x in bool (dom p) ) assume x in G ; ::_thesis: x in bool (dom p) hence x in bool (dom p) by A5; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider GX = G as Subset-Family of (dom p) ; set x = the Element of X; the Element of X is Subset of A by A2, TARSKI:def_3; then A6: p .: (p " the Element of X) = the Element of X by A3, FUNCT_1:77; p " the Element of X c= dom p by RELAT_1:132; then A7: GX <> {} by A2, A5, A6; defpred S2[ set ] means ( $1 in omega implies for X being Subset-Family of $1 st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ); A8: S2[ {} ] proof assume {} in omega ; ::_thesis: for X being Subset-Family of {} st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) let X be Subset-Family of {}; ::_thesis: ( X <> {} implies ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) assume X <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) then A9: X = {{}} by ZFMISC_1:1, ZFMISC_1:33; take {} ; ::_thesis: ( {} in X & ( for B being set st B in X & {} c= B holds B = {} ) ) thus ( {} in X & ( for B being set st B in X & {} c= B holds B = {} ) ) by A9, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; A10: for O being Ordinal st S2[O] holds S2[ succ O] proof let O be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( S2[O] implies S2[ succ O] ) assume A11: ( O in omega implies for X being Subset-Family of O st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) ; ::_thesis: S2[ succ O] thus ( succ O in omega implies for X being Subset-Family of (succ O) st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) ::_thesis: verum proof assume succ O in omega ; ::_thesis: for X being Subset-Family of (succ O) st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) then A12: succ O c= omega by ORDINAL1:def_2; let X be Subset-Family of (succ O); ::_thesis: ( X <> {} implies ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ) assume A13: X <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) defpred S3[ set ] means ex A being set st ( A in X & $1 = A \ {O} ); consider X1 being set such that A14: for x being set holds ( x in X1 iff ( x in bool O & S3[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); X1 c= bool O proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in X1 or x in bool O ) assume x in X1 ; ::_thesis: x in bool O hence x in bool O by A14; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider X2 = X1 as Subset-Family of O ; set y = the Element of X; A15: succ O = O \/ {O} by ORDINAL1:def_1; the Element of X is Subset of (succ O) by A13, TARSKI:def_3; then the Element of X \ {O} c= (O \/ {O}) \ {O} by A15, XBOOLE_1:33; then A16: the Element of X \ {O} c= O \ {O} by XBOOLE_1:40; A17: O in succ O by ORDINAL1:6; A18: not O in O ; then the Element of X \ {O} c= O by A16, ZFMISC_1:57; then X2 <> {} by A13, A14; then consider Z being set such that A19: Z in X2 and A20: for B being set st B in X2 & Z c= B holds B = Z by A11, A12, A17; consider X1 being set such that A21: X1 in X and A22: Z = X1 \ {O} by A14, A19; A23: O in {O} by TARSKI:def_1; then A24: not O in Z by A22, XBOOLE_0:def_5; A25: now__::_thesis:_(_Z_\/_{O}_in_X_implies_ex_A_being_set_ex_x_being_set_st_ (_x_in_X_&_(_for_B_being_set_st_B_in_X_&_x_c=_B_holds_ B_=_x_)_)_) assume A26: Z \/ {O} in X ; ::_thesis: ex A being set ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) take A = Z \/ {O}; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) for B being set st B in X & A c= B holds B = A proof let B be set ; ::_thesis: ( B in X & A c= B implies B = A ) assume A27: B in X ; ::_thesis: ( not A c= B or B = A ) assume A28: A c= B ; ::_thesis: B = A A29: now__::_thesis:_(_O_in_B_implies_B_=_A_) assume A30: O in B ; ::_thesis: B = A set Y = B \ {O}; {O} c= B by A30, ZFMISC_1:31; then A31: B = (B \ {O}) \/ {O} by XBOOLE_1:45; A \ {O} c= B \ {O} by A28, XBOOLE_1:33; then A32: Z \ {O} c= B \ {O} by XBOOLE_1:40; not O in Z by A22, A23, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then A33: Z c= B \ {O} by A32, ZFMISC_1:57; B \ {O} c= (O \/ {O}) \ {O} by A15, A27, XBOOLE_1:33; then B \ {O} c= O \ {O} by XBOOLE_1:40; then B \ {O} c= O by A18, ZFMISC_1:57; then B \ {O} in X2 by A14, A27; hence B = A by A20, A31, A33; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_O_in_B assume A34: not O in B ; ::_thesis: contradiction O in {O} by TARSKI:def_1; then O in A by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence contradiction by A28, A34; ::_thesis: verum end; hence B = A by A29; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) by A26; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_(_not_Z_\/_{O}_in_X_implies_ex_A,_x_being_set_st_ (_x_in_X_&_(_for_B_being_set_st_B_in_X_&_x_c=_B_holds_ B_=_x_)_)_) assume A35: not Z \/ {O} in X ; ::_thesis: ex A, x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) take A = Z; ::_thesis: ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) now__::_thesis:_not_O_in_X1 assume O in X1 ; ::_thesis: contradiction then X1 = X1 \/ {O} by ZFMISC_1:40 .= Z \/ {O} by A22, XBOOLE_1:39 ; hence contradiction by A21, A35; ::_thesis: verum end; then A36: A in X by A21, A22, ZFMISC_1:57; for B being set st B in X & A c= B holds B = A proof let B be set ; ::_thesis: ( B in X & A c= B implies B = A ) assume A37: B in X ; ::_thesis: ( not A c= B or B = A ) then B \ {O} c= (O \/ {O}) \ {O} by A15, XBOOLE_1:33; then B \ {O} c= O \ {O} by XBOOLE_1:40; then B \ {O} c= O by A18, ZFMISC_1:57; then A38: B \ {O} in X2 by A14, A37; assume A39: A c= B ; ::_thesis: B = A then A \ {O} c= B \ {O} by XBOOLE_1:33; then A40: A c= B \ {O} by A24, ZFMISC_1:57; A41: now__::_thesis:_not_O_in_B assume A42: O in B ; ::_thesis: contradiction A \/ {O} = (B \ {O}) \/ {O} by A20, A38, A40 .= B \/ {O} by XBOOLE_1:39 .= B by A42, ZFMISC_1:40 ; hence contradiction by A35, A37; ::_thesis: verum end; A43: B c= O proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in B or x in O ) assume A44: x in B ; ::_thesis: x in O ( x in O or x in {O} ) by A15, A37, A44, XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence x in O by A41, A44, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; B \ {O} = B by A41, ZFMISC_1:57; then B in X2 by A14, A37, A43; hence B = A by A20, A39; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) by A36; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) by A25; ::_thesis: verum end; end; A45: for O being Ordinal st O <> {} & O is limit_ordinal & ( for B being Ordinal st B in O holds S2[B] ) holds S2[O] proof let O be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( O <> {} & O is limit_ordinal & ( for B being Ordinal st B in O holds S2[B] ) implies S2[O] ) assume that A46: O <> {} and A47: O is limit_ordinal and for B being Ordinal st B in O holds S2[B] and A48: O in omega ; ::_thesis: for X being Subset-Family of O st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) {} in O by A46, ORDINAL1:14; then omega c= O by A47, ORDINAL1:def_11; then O in O by A48; hence for X being Subset-Family of O st X <> {} holds ex x being set st ( x in X & ( for B being set st B in X & x c= B holds B = x ) ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; for O being Ordinal holds S2[O] from ORDINAL2:sch_1(A8, A10, A45); then consider g being set such that A49: g in GX and A50: for B being set st B in GX & g c= B holds B = g by A4, A7; take p .: g ; ::_thesis: ( p .: g in X & ( for B being set st B in X & p .: g c= B holds B = p .: g ) ) for B being set st B in X & p .: g c= B holds B = p .: g proof let B be set ; ::_thesis: ( B in X & p .: g c= B implies B = p .: g ) assume A51: B in X ; ::_thesis: ( not p .: g c= B or B = p .: g ) assume p .: g c= B ; ::_thesis: B = p .: g then A52: p " (p .: g) c= p " B by RELAT_1:143; A53: g c= p " (p .: g) by A49, FUNCT_1:76; A54: p .: (p " B) = B by A3, A51, FUNCT_1:77; p " B c= dom p by RELAT_1:132; then p " B in GX by A5, A51, A54; hence B = p .: g by A50, A52, A53, A54, XBOOLE_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ( p .: g in X & ( for B being set st B in X & p .: g c= B holds B = p .: g ) ) by A5, A49; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: FINSET_1:sch 2 Finite{ F1() -> set , P1[ set ] } : P1[F1()] provided A1: F1() is finite and A2: P1[ {} ] and A3: for x, B being set st x in F1() & B c= F1() & P1[B] holds P1[B \/ {x}] proof now__::_thesis:_(_F1()_<>_{}_implies_P1[F1()]_) assume F1() <> {} ; ::_thesis: P1[F1()] defpred S1[ set ] means ex B being set st ( B = $1 & P1[B] ); consider G being set such that A4: for x being set holds ( x in G iff ( x in bool F1() & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); G c= bool F1() proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in G or x in bool F1() ) assume x in G ; ::_thesis: x in bool F1() hence x in bool F1() by A4; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider GA = G as Subset-Family of F1() ; {} c= F1() by XBOOLE_1:2; then GA <> {} by A2, A4; then consider B being set such that A5: B in GA and A6: for X being set st X in GA & B c= X holds B = X by A1, Th6; A7: ex A being set st ( A = B & P1[A] ) by A4, A5; now__::_thesis:_not_B_<>_F1() set x = the Element of F1() \ B; assume B <> F1() ; ::_thesis: contradiction then not F1() c= B by A5, XBOOLE_0:def_10; then A8: F1() \ B <> {} by XBOOLE_1:37; then A9: the Element of F1() \ B in F1() by XBOOLE_0:def_5; then A10: P1[B \/ { the Element of F1() \ B}] by A3, A5, A7; { the Element of F1() \ B} c= F1() by A9, ZFMISC_1:31; then B \/ { the Element of F1() \ B} c= F1() by A5, XBOOLE_1:8; then A11: B \/ { the Element of F1() \ B} in GA by A4, A10; not the Element of F1() \ B in B by A8, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then not { the Element of F1() \ B} c= B by ZFMISC_1:31; then B \/ { the Element of F1() \ B} <> B by XBOOLE_1:7; hence contradiction by A6, A11, XBOOLE_1:7; ::_thesis: verum end; hence P1[F1()] by A7; ::_thesis: verum end; hence P1[F1()] by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; Lm3: for A being set st A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) holds union A is finite proof let A be set ; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) implies union A is finite ) assume that A1: A is finite and A2: for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ; ::_thesis: union A is finite defpred S1[ set ] means ex B being set st ( B = $1 & union B is finite ); consider G being set such that A3: for x being set holds ( x in G iff ( x in bool A & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); defpred S2[ set ] means $1 in G; {} c= A by XBOOLE_1:2; then A4: S2[ {} ] by A3, ZFMISC_1:2; A5: for x, B being set st x in A & B c= A & S2[B] holds S2[B \/ {x}] proof let x, B be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in A & B c= A & S2[B] implies S2[B \/ {x}] ) assume that A6: x in A and B c= A and A7: B in G ; ::_thesis: S2[B \/ {x}] A8: ex X being set st ( X = B & union X is finite ) by A3, A7; A9: x is finite by A2, A6; A10: union (B \/ {x}) = (union B) \/ (union {x}) by ZFMISC_1:78 .= (union B) \/ x by ZFMISC_1:25 ; A11: {x} c= A by A6, ZFMISC_1:31; B in bool A by A3, A7; then B \/ {x} c= A by A11, XBOOLE_1:8; hence S2[B \/ {x}] by A3, A8, A9, A10; ::_thesis: verum end; S2[A] from FINSET_1:sch_2(A1, A4, A5); then ex X being set st ( X = A & union X is finite ) by A3; hence union A is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let A, B be finite set ; cluster[:A,B:] -> finite ; coherence [:A,B:] is finite proof A1: for y being set holds [:A,{y}:] is finite proof let y be set ; ::_thesis: [:A,{y}:] is finite deffunc H1( set ) -> set = [A,y]; consider f being Function such that A2: ( dom f = A & ( for x being set st x in A holds f . x = H1(x) ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); for x being set holds ( x in rng f iff x in [:A,{y}:] ) proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in rng f iff x in [:A,{y}:] ) thus ( x in rng f implies x in [:A,{y}:] ) ::_thesis: ( x in [:A,{y}:] implies x in rng f ) proof assume x in rng f ; ::_thesis: x in [:A,{y}:] then consider z being set such that A3: z in dom f and A4: f . z = x by FUNCT_1:def_3; x = [z,y] by A2, A3, A4; hence x in [:A,{y}:] by A2, A3, ZFMISC_1:106; ::_thesis: verum end; thus ( x in [:A,{y}:] implies x in rng f ) ::_thesis: verum proof assume x in [:A,{y}:] ; ::_thesis: x in rng f then consider x1, x2 being set such that A5: x1 in A and A6: x2 in {y} and A7: x = [x1,x2] by ZFMISC_1:def_2; x2 = y by A6, TARSKI:def_1; then x = f . x1 by A2, A5, A7; hence x in rng f by A2, A5, FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; then rng f = [:A,{y}:] by TARSKI:1; then f .: A = [:A,{y}:] by A2, RELAT_1:113; hence [:A,{y}:] is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; defpred S1[ set ] means ex y being set st ( y in B & A = [:A,{y}:] ); consider G being set such that A8: for x being set holds ( x in G iff ( x in bool [:A,B:] & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); for x being set holds ( x in union G iff x in [:A,B:] ) proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in union G iff x in [:A,B:] ) thus ( x in union G implies x in [:A,B:] ) ::_thesis: ( x in [:A,B:] implies x in union G ) proof assume x in union G ; ::_thesis: x in [:A,B:] then consider X being set such that A9: x in X and A10: X in G by TARSKI:def_4; X in bool [:A,B:] by A8, A10; hence x in [:A,B:] by A9; ::_thesis: verum end; assume x in [:A,B:] ; ::_thesis: x in union G then consider y, z being set such that A11: y in A and A12: z in B and A13: x = [y,z] by ZFMISC_1:def_2; A14: [y,z] in [:A,{z}:] by A11, ZFMISC_1:106; {z} c= B by A12, ZFMISC_1:31; then [:A,{z}:] c= [:A,B:] by ZFMISC_1:95; then [:A,{z}:] in G by A8, A12; hence x in union G by A13, A14, TARSKI:def_4; ::_thesis: verum end; then A15: union G = [:A,B:] by TARSKI:1; deffunc H1( set ) -> set = [:A,{A}:]; consider g being Function such that A16: ( dom g = B & ( for x being set st x in B holds g . x = H1(x) ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); for x being set holds ( x in rng g iff x in G ) proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in rng g iff x in G ) thus ( x in rng g implies x in G ) ::_thesis: ( x in G implies x in rng g ) proof assume x in rng g ; ::_thesis: x in G then consider y being set such that A17: y in dom g and A18: g . y = x by FUNCT_1:def_3; A19: x = [:A,{y}:] by A16, A17, A18; {y} c= B by A16, A17, ZFMISC_1:31; then x c= [:A,B:] by A19, ZFMISC_1:95; hence x in G by A8, A16, A17, A19; ::_thesis: verum end; assume x in G ; ::_thesis: x in rng g then consider y being set such that A20: y in B and A21: x = [:A,{y}:] by A8; x = g . y by A16, A20, A21; hence x in rng g by A16, A20, FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; then rng g = G by TARSKI:1; then A22: g .: B = G by A16, RELAT_1:113; for X being set st X in G holds X is finite proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( X in G implies X is finite ) assume X in G ; ::_thesis: X is finite then ex y being set st ( y in B & X = [:A,{y}:] ) by A8; hence X is finite by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; hence [:A,B:] is finite by A15, A22, Lm3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A, B, C be finite set ; cluster[:A,B,C:] -> finite ; coherence [:A,B,C:] is finite proof [:[:A,B:],C:] is finite ; hence [:A,B,C:] is finite by ZFMISC_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A, B, C, D be finite set ; cluster[:A,B,C,D:] -> finite ; coherence [:A,B,C,D:] is finite proof [:[:A,B,C:],D:] is finite ; hence [:A,B,C,D:] is finite by ZFMISC_1:def_4; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be finite set ; cluster bool A -> finite ; coherence bool A is finite proof A1: A is finite ; defpred S1[ set ] means bool A is finite ; consider G being set such that A2: for x being set holds ( x in G iff ( x in bool A & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); defpred S2[ set ] means A in G; A3: bool {} is finite by ZFMISC_1:1; {} c= A by XBOOLE_1:2; then A4: S2[ {} ] by A3, A2; A5: for x, B being set st x in A & B c= A & S2[B] holds S2[B \/ {x}] proof let x, B be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in A & B c= A & S2[B] implies S2[B \/ {x}] ) assume that A6: x in A and B c= A and A7: B in G ; ::_thesis: S2[B \/ {x}] A8: now__::_thesis:_(_x_in_B_implies_S2[B_\/_{x}]_) assume x in B ; ::_thesis: S2[B \/ {x}] then {x} c= B by ZFMISC_1:31; hence S2[B \/ {x}] by A7, XBOOLE_1:12; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_(_not_x_in_B_implies_S2[B_\/_{x}]_) assume A9: not x in B ; ::_thesis: S2[B \/ {x}] defpred S3[ set , set ] means ex Y being set st ( Y = A & c2 = Y \/ {x} ); A10: for y, y1, y2 being set st y in bool B & S3[y,y1] & S3[y,y2] holds y1 = y2 ; A11: for y being set st y in bool B holds ex z being set st S3[y,z] proof let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in bool B implies ex z being set st S3[y,z] ) assume y in bool B ; ::_thesis: ex z being set st S3[y,z] ex Y being set st ( Y = y & y \/ {x} = Y \/ {x} ) ; hence ex z being set st S3[y,z] ; ::_thesis: verum end; consider f being Function such that A12: dom f = bool B and A13: for y being set st y in bool B holds S3[y,f . y] from FUNCT_1:sch_2(A10, A11); A14: bool B is finite by A2, A7; for y being set holds ( y in rng f iff y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) ) proof let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in rng f iff y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) ) thus ( y in rng f implies y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) ) ::_thesis: ( y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) implies y in rng f ) proof assume y in rng f ; ::_thesis: y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) then consider x1 being set such that A15: x1 in dom f and A16: f . x1 = y by FUNCT_1:def_3; consider X1 being set such that A17: X1 = x1 and A18: f . x1 = X1 \/ {x} by A12, A13, A15; A19: X1 \/ {x} c= B \/ {x} by A12, A15, A17, XBOOLE_1:13; x in {x} by TARSKI:def_1; then x in y by A16, A18, XBOOLE_0:def_3; then not y in bool B by A9; hence y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) by A16, A18, A19, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A20: y in (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) ; ::_thesis: y in rng f set Z = y \ {x}; A21: now__::_thesis:_x_in_y assume A22: not x in y ; ::_thesis: contradiction y c= B proof let z be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not z in y or z in B ) assume A23: z in y ; ::_thesis: z in B then not z in {x} by A22, TARSKI:def_1; hence z in B by A20, A23, XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; hence contradiction by A20, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; A24: y \ {x} c= B by A20, XBOOLE_1:43; then consider X being set such that A25: X = y \ {x} and A26: f . (y \ {x}) = X \/ {x} by A13; X \/ {x} = y \/ {x} by A25, XBOOLE_1:39 .= y by A21, ZFMISC_1:40 ; hence y in rng f by A12, A24, A26, FUNCT_1:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; then rng f = (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) by TARSKI:1; then A27: f .: (bool B) = (bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B) by A12, RELAT_1:113; A28: bool B c= bool (B \/ {x}) by XBOOLE_1:7, ZFMISC_1:67; A29: ((bool (B \/ {x})) \ (bool B)) \/ (bool B) = (bool (B \/ {x})) \/ (bool B) by XBOOLE_1:39 .= bool (B \/ {x}) by A28, XBOOLE_1:12 ; A30: {x} c= A by A6, ZFMISC_1:31; B in bool A by A2, A7; then B \/ {x} c= A by A30, XBOOLE_1:8; hence S2[B \/ {x}] by A2, A14, A27, A29; ::_thesis: verum end; hence S2[B \/ {x}] by A8; ::_thesis: verum end; S2[A] from FINSET_1:sch_2(A1, A4, A5); hence bool A is finite by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem Th7: :: FINSET_1:7 for A being set holds ( ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) ) iff union A is finite ) proof let A be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) ) iff union A is finite ) thus ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) implies union A is finite ) by Lm3; ::_thesis: ( union A is finite implies ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) ) ) thus ( union A is finite implies ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) ) ) ::_thesis: verum proof assume A1: union A is finite ; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & ( for X being set st X in A holds X is finite ) ) A c= bool (union A) by ZFMISC_1:82; hence A is finite by A1; ::_thesis: for X being set st X in A holds X is finite let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( X in A implies X is finite ) assume X in A ; ::_thesis: X is finite then X c= union A by ZFMISC_1:74; hence X is finite by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem Th8: :: FINSET_1:8 for f being Function st dom f is finite holds rng f is finite proof let f be Function; ::_thesis: ( dom f is finite implies rng f is finite ) assume dom f is finite ; ::_thesis: rng f is finite then f .: (dom f) is finite ; hence rng f is finite by RELAT_1:113; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FINSET_1:9 for Y being set for f being Function st Y c= rng f & f " Y is finite holds Y is finite proof let Y be set ; ::_thesis: for f being Function st Y c= rng f & f " Y is finite holds Y is finite let f be Function; ::_thesis: ( Y c= rng f & f " Y is finite implies Y is finite ) assume Y c= rng f ; ::_thesis: ( not f " Y is finite or Y is finite ) then f .: (f " Y) = Y by FUNCT_1:77; hence ( not f " Y is finite or Y is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let X, Y be finite set ; clusterX \+\ Y -> finite ; coherence X \+\ Y is finite ; end; registration let X be non empty set ; cluster non empty finite for Element of bool X; existence ex b1 being Subset of X st ( b1 is finite & not b1 is empty ) proof take { the Element of X} ; ::_thesis: ( { the Element of X} is finite & not { the Element of X} is empty ) thus ( { the Element of X} is finite & not { the Element of X} is empty ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; begin theorem Th10: :: FINSET_1:10 for f being Function holds ( dom f is finite iff f is finite ) proof let f be Function; ::_thesis: ( dom f is finite iff f is finite ) thus ( dom f is finite implies f is finite ) ::_thesis: ( f is finite implies dom f is finite ) proof assume A1: dom f is finite ; ::_thesis: f is finite then A2: rng f is finite by Th8; f c= [:(dom f),(rng f):] by RELAT_1:7; hence f is finite by A1, A2; ::_thesis: verum end; (pr1 ((dom f),(rng f))) .: f = dom f by FUNCT_3:79; hence ( f is finite implies dom f is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FINSET_1:11 for F being set st F is finite & F <> {} & F is c=-linear holds ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds m c= C ) ) proof defpred S1[ set ] means ( $1 <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in $1 & ( for C being set st C in $1 holds m c= C ) ) ); let F be set ; ::_thesis: ( F is finite & F <> {} & F is c=-linear implies ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds m c= C ) ) ) assume that A1: F is finite and A2: F <> {} and A3: F is c=-linear ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds m c= C ) ) A4: S1[ {} ] ; A5: now__::_thesis:_for_x,_B_being_set_st_x_in_F_&_B_c=_F_&_S1[B]_holds_ S1[B_\/_{x}] let x, B be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in F & B c= F & S1[B] implies S1[B \/ {x}] ) assume that A6: x in F and A7: B c= F and A8: S1[B] ; ::_thesis: S1[B \/ {x}] now__::_thesis:_(_B_\/_{x}_<>_{}_implies_ex_m_being_set_st_ (_m_in_B_\/_{x}_&_(_for_C_being_set_st_C_in_B_\/_{x}_holds_ m_c=_C_)_)_) percases ( for y being set holds ( not y in B or not y c= x ) or ex y being set st ( y in B & y c= x ) ) ; supposeA9: for y being set holds ( not y in B or not y c= x ) ; ::_thesis: ( B \/ {x} <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) ) assume B \/ {x} <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) take m = x; ::_thesis: ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) x in {x} by TARSKI:def_1; hence m in B \/ {x} by XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C let C be set ; ::_thesis: ( C in B \/ {x} implies m c= C ) assume C in B \/ {x} ; ::_thesis: m c= C then A10: ( C in B or C in {x} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; then C,x are_c=-comparable by A3, A6, A7, ORDINAL1:def_8, TARSKI:def_1; then ( C c= x or x c= C ) by XBOOLE_0:def_9; hence m c= C by A9, A10, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose ex y being set st ( y in B & y c= x ) ; ::_thesis: ( B \/ {x} <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) ) then consider y being set such that A11: y in B and A12: y c= x ; assume B \/ {x} <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) consider m being set such that A13: m in B and A14: for C being set st C in B holds m c= C by A8, A11; m c= y by A11, A14; then A15: m c= x by A12, XBOOLE_1:1; take m = m; ::_thesis: ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C ) ) thus m in B \/ {x} by A13, XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds m c= C let C be set ; ::_thesis: ( C in B \/ {x} implies m c= C ) assume C in B \/ {x} ; ::_thesis: m c= C then ( C in B or C in {x} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence m c= C by A14, A15, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence S1[B \/ {x}] ; ::_thesis: verum end; S1[F] from FINSET_1:sch_2(A1, A4, A5); hence ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds m c= C ) ) by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: FINSET_1:12 for F being set st F is finite & F <> {} & F is c=-linear holds ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds C c= m ) ) proof defpred S1[ set ] means ( $1 <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in $1 & ( for C being set st C in $1 holds C c= m ) ) ); let F be set ; ::_thesis: ( F is finite & F <> {} & F is c=-linear implies ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds C c= m ) ) ) assume that A1: F is finite and A2: F <> {} and A3: F is c=-linear ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds C c= m ) ) A4: S1[ {} ] ; A5: now__::_thesis:_for_x,_B_being_set_st_x_in_F_&_B_c=_F_&_S1[B]_holds_ S1[B_\/_{x}] let x, B be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in F & B c= F & S1[B] implies S1[B \/ {x}] ) assume that A6: x in F and A7: B c= F and A8: S1[B] ; ::_thesis: S1[B \/ {x}] now__::_thesis:_(_B_\/_{x}_<>_{}_implies_ex_m_being_set_st_ (_m_in_B_\/_{x}_&_(_for_C_being_set_st_C_in_B_\/_{x}_holds_ C_c=_m_)_)_) percases ( for y being set holds ( not y in B or not x c= y ) or ex y being set st ( y in B & x c= y ) ) ; supposeA9: for y being set holds ( not y in B or not x c= y ) ; ::_thesis: ( B \/ {x} <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) ) assume B \/ {x} <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) take m = x; ::_thesis: ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) x in {x} by TARSKI:def_1; hence m in B \/ {x} by XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m let C be set ; ::_thesis: ( C in B \/ {x} implies C c= m ) assume C in B \/ {x} ; ::_thesis: C c= m then A10: ( C in B or C in {x} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; then C,x are_c=-comparable by A3, A6, A7, ORDINAL1:def_8, TARSKI:def_1; then ( C c= x or x c= C ) by XBOOLE_0:def_9; hence C c= m by A9, A10, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose ex y being set st ( y in B & x c= y ) ; ::_thesis: ( B \/ {x} <> {} implies ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) ) then consider y being set such that A11: y in B and A12: x c= y ; assume B \/ {x} <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex m being set st ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) consider m being set such that A13: m in B and A14: for C being set st C in B holds C c= m by A8, A11; y c= m by A11, A14; then A15: x c= m by A12, XBOOLE_1:1; take m = m; ::_thesis: ( m in B \/ {x} & ( for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m ) ) thus m in B \/ {x} by A13, XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: for C being set st C in B \/ {x} holds C c= m let C be set ; ::_thesis: ( C in B \/ {x} implies C c= m ) assume C in B \/ {x} ; ::_thesis: C c= m then ( C in B or C in {x} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence C c= m by A14, A15, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; hence S1[B \/ {x}] ; ::_thesis: verum end; S1[F] from FINSET_1:sch_2(A1, A4, A5); hence ex m being set st ( m in F & ( for C being set st C in F holds C c= m ) ) by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let R be Relation; attrR is finite-yielding means :Def2: :: FINSET_1:def 2 for x being set st x in rng R holds x is finite ; end; :: deftheorem Def2 defines finite-yielding FINSET_1:def_2_:_ for R being Relation holds ( R is finite-yielding iff for x being set st x in rng R holds x is finite ); deffunc H1( set ) -> set = $1 `1 ; theorem :: FINSET_1:13 for X, Y, Z being set st X is finite & X c= [:Y,Z:] holds ex A, B being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) proof let X, Y, Z be set ; ::_thesis: ( X is finite & X c= [:Y,Z:] implies ex A, B being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) ) deffunc H2( set ) -> set = $1 `2 ; assume that A1: X is finite and A2: X c= [:Y,Z:] ; ::_thesis: ex A, B being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) consider f being Function such that A3: dom f = X and A4: for a being set st a in X holds f . a = H1(a) from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); consider g being Function such that A5: dom g = X and A6: for a being set st a in X holds g . a = H2(a) from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); take A = rng f; ::_thesis: ex B being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) take B = rng g; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) thus A is finite by A1, A3, Th8; ::_thesis: ( A c= Y & B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) thus A c= Y ::_thesis: ( B is finite & B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in A or a in Y ) assume a in A ; ::_thesis: a in Y then consider x being set such that A7: x in dom f and A8: f . x = a by FUNCT_1:def_3; consider y, z being set such that A9: y in Y and z in Z and A10: x = [y,z] by A2, A3, A7, ZFMISC_1:def_2; f . x = x `1 by A3, A4, A7 .= y by A10, MCART_1:7 ; hence a in Y by A8, A9; ::_thesis: verum end; thus B is finite by A1, A5, Th8; ::_thesis: ( B c= Z & X c= [:A,B:] ) thus B c= Z ::_thesis: X c= [:A,B:] proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in B or a in Z ) assume a in B ; ::_thesis: a in Z then consider x being set such that A11: x in dom g and A12: g . x = a by FUNCT_1:def_3; consider y, z being set such that y in Y and A13: z in Z and A14: x = [y,z] by A2, A5, A11, ZFMISC_1:def_2; g . x = x `2 by A5, A6, A11 .= z by A14, MCART_1:7 ; hence a in Z by A12, A13; ::_thesis: verum end; thus X c= [:A,B:] ::_thesis: verum proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in X or a in [:A,B:] ) assume A15: a in X ; ::_thesis: a in [:A,B:] then consider x, y being set such that x in Y and y in Z and A16: a = [x,y] by A2, ZFMISC_1:def_2; A17: g . a = a `2 by A6, A15 .= y by A16, MCART_1:7 ; f . a = a `1 by A4, A15 .= x by A16, MCART_1:7 ; then A18: x in A by A3, A15, FUNCT_1:def_3; y in B by A5, A15, A17, FUNCT_1:def_3; hence a in [:A,B:] by A16, A18, ZFMISC_1:87; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: FINSET_1:14 for X, Y, Z being set st X is finite & X c= [:Y,Z:] holds ex A being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & X c= [:A,Z:] ) proof let X, Y, Z be set ; ::_thesis: ( X is finite & X c= [:Y,Z:] implies ex A being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & X c= [:A,Z:] ) ) assume that A1: X is finite and A2: X c= [:Y,Z:] ; ::_thesis: ex A being set st ( A is finite & A c= Y & X c= [:A,Z:] ) consider f being Function such that A3: dom f = X and A4: for a being set st a in X holds f . a = H1(a) from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); take A = rng f; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & A c= Y & X c= [:A,Z:] ) thus A is finite by A1, A3, Th8; ::_thesis: ( A c= Y & X c= [:A,Z:] ) thus A c= Y ::_thesis: X c= [:A,Z:] proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in A or a in Y ) assume a in A ; ::_thesis: a in Y then consider x being set such that A5: x in dom f and A6: f . x = a by FUNCT_1:def_3; consider y, z being set such that A7: y in Y and z in Z and A8: x = [y,z] by A2, A3, A5, ZFMISC_1:def_2; f . x = x `1 by A3, A4, A5 .= y by A8, MCART_1:7 ; hence a in Y by A6, A7; ::_thesis: verum end; thus X c= [:A,Z:] ::_thesis: verum proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in X or a in [:A,Z:] ) assume A9: a in X ; ::_thesis: a in [:A,Z:] then consider x, y being set such that x in Y and A10: y in Z and A11: a = [x,y] by A2, ZFMISC_1:def_2; f . a = a `1 by A4, A9 .= x by A11, MCART_1:7 ; then x in A by A3, A9, FUNCT_1:def_3; hence a in [:A,Z:] by A10, A11, ZFMISC_1:87; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster non empty Relation-like Function-like finite for set ; existence ex b1 being Function st ( b1 is finite & not b1 is empty ) proof {[{},{}]} is Function ; hence ex b1 being Function st ( b1 is finite & not b1 is empty ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let R be finite Relation; cluster proj1 R -> finite ; coherence dom R is finite proof consider f being Function such that A1: dom f = R and A2: for x being set st x in R holds f . x = x `1 from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); now__::_thesis:_for_x_being_set_holds_ (_(_x_in_rng_f_implies_ex_y_being_set_st_[x,y]_in_R_)_&_(_ex_y_being_set_st_[x,y]_in_R_implies_x_in_rng_f_)_) let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( x in rng f implies ex y being set st [x,y] in R ) & ( ex y being set st [x,y] in R implies x in rng f ) ) thus ( x in rng f implies ex y being set st [x,y] in R ) ::_thesis: ( ex y being set st [x,y] in R implies x in rng f ) proof assume x in rng f ; ::_thesis: ex y being set st [x,y] in R then consider a being set such that A3: a in dom f and A4: f . a = x by FUNCT_1:def_3; take a `2 ; ::_thesis: [x,(a `2)] in R A5: ex x, y being set st a = [x,y] by A1, A3, RELAT_1:def_1; x = a `1 by A1, A2, A3, A4; hence [x,(a `2)] in R by A1, A3, A5, MCART_1:8; ::_thesis: verum end; given y being set such that A6: [x,y] in R ; ::_thesis: x in rng f f . [x,y] = [x,y] `1 by A2, A6 .= x ; hence x in rng f by A1, A6, FUNCT_1:3; ::_thesis: verum end; then rng f = dom R by XTUPLE_0:def_12; hence dom R is finite by A1, Th8; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let f be Function; let g be finite Function; clusterg * f -> finite ; coherence f * g is finite proof dom (f * g) c= dom g by RELAT_1:25; hence f * g is finite by Th10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be finite set ; let B be set ; cluster Function-like V18(A,B) -> finite for Element of bool [:A,B:]; coherence for b1 being Function of A,B holds b1 is finite proof let f be Function of A,B; ::_thesis: f is finite dom f is finite ; hence f is finite by Th10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x, y be set ; clusterx .--> y -> finite ; coherence x .--> y is finite ; end; registration let R be finite Relation; cluster proj2 R -> finite ; coherence rng R is finite proof consider f being Function such that A1: dom f = R and A2: for x being set st x in R holds f . x = x `2 from FUNCT_1:sch_3(); now__::_thesis:_for_y_being_set_holds_ (_(_y_in_rng_f_implies_ex_x_being_set_st_[x,y]_in_R_)_&_(_ex_x_being_set_st_[x,y]_in_R_implies_y_in_rng_f_)_) let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( y in rng f implies ex x being set st [x,y] in R ) & ( ex x being set st [x,y] in R implies y in rng f ) ) thus ( y in rng f implies ex x being set st [x,y] in R ) ::_thesis: ( ex x being set st [x,y] in R implies y in rng f ) proof assume y in rng f ; ::_thesis: ex x being set st [x,y] in R then consider a being set such that A3: a in dom f and A4: f . a = y by FUNCT_1:def_3; take a `1 ; ::_thesis: [(a `1),y] in R A5: ex x, y being set st a = [x,y] by A1, A3, RELAT_1:def_1; y = a `2 by A1, A2, A3, A4; hence [(a `1),y] in R by A1, A3, A5, MCART_1:8; ::_thesis: verum end; given x being set such that A6: [x,y] in R ; ::_thesis: y in rng f f . [x,y] = [x,y] `2 by A2, A6 .= y ; hence y in rng f by A1, A6, FUNCT_1:3; ::_thesis: verum end; then rng f = rng R by XTUPLE_0:def_13; hence rng R is finite by A1, Th8; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let f be finite Function; let x be set ; clusterf " x -> finite ; coherence f " x is finite proof f " x c= dom f by RELAT_1:132; hence f " x is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let f, g be finite Function; clusterf +* g -> finite ; coherence f +* g is finite proof dom (f +* g) = (dom f) \/ (dom g) by FUNCT_4:def_1; hence f +* g is finite by Th10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; definition let F be set ; attrF is centered means :: FINSET_1:def 3 ( F <> {} & ( for G being set st G <> {} & G c= F & G is finite holds meet G <> {} ) ); end; :: deftheorem defines centered FINSET_1:def_3_:_ for F being set holds ( F is centered iff ( F <> {} & ( for G being set st G <> {} & G c= F & G is finite holds meet G <> {} ) ) ); definition let f be Function; redefine attr f is finite-yielding means :Def4: :: FINSET_1:def 4 for i being set st i in dom f holds f . i is finite ; compatibility ( f is finite-yielding iff for i being set st i in dom f holds f . i is finite ) proof hereby ::_thesis: ( ( for i being set st i in dom f holds f . i is finite ) implies f is finite-yielding ) assume A1: f is finite-yielding ; ::_thesis: for i being set st i in dom f holds f . b2 is finite let i be set ; ::_thesis: ( i in dom f implies f . b1 is finite ) assume i in dom f ; ::_thesis: f . b1 is finite percases ( i in dom f or not i in dom f ) ; suppose i in dom f ; ::_thesis: f . b1 is finite then f . i in rng f by FUNCT_1:3; hence f . i is finite by A1, Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not i in dom f ; ::_thesis: f . b1 is finite hence f . i is finite by FUNCT_1:def_2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; assume A2: for i being set st i in dom f holds f . i is finite ; ::_thesis: f is finite-yielding let i be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( i in rng f implies i is finite ) assume i in rng f ; ::_thesis: i is finite then ex x being set st ( x in dom f & i = f . x ) by FUNCT_1:def_3; hence i is finite by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem Def4 defines finite-yielding FINSET_1:def_4_:_ for f being Function holds ( f is finite-yielding iff for i being set st i in dom f holds f . i is finite ); definition let I be set ; let IT be I -defined Function; :: original: finite-yielding redefine attrIT is finite-yielding means :: FINSET_1:def 5 for i being set st i in I holds IT . i is finite ; compatibility ( IT is finite-yielding iff for i being set st i in I holds IT . i is finite ) proof hereby ::_thesis: ( ( for i being set st i in I holds IT . i is finite ) implies IT is finite-yielding ) assume A1: IT is finite-yielding ; ::_thesis: for i being set st i in I holds IT . b2 is finite let i be set ; ::_thesis: ( i in I implies IT . b1 is finite ) assume i in I ; ::_thesis: IT . b1 is finite percases ( i in dom IT or not i in dom IT ) ; suppose i in dom IT ; ::_thesis: IT . b1 is finite hence IT . i is finite by A1, Def4; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not i in dom IT ; ::_thesis: IT . b1 is finite hence IT . i is finite by FUNCT_1:def_2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; assume A2: for i being set st i in I holds IT . i is finite ; ::_thesis: IT is finite-yielding let i be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_4 ::_thesis: ( i in dom IT implies IT . i is finite ) dom IT c= I ; hence ( i in dom IT implies IT . i is finite ) by A2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem defines finite-yielding FINSET_1:def_5_:_ for I being set for IT being b1 -defined Function holds ( IT is finite-yielding iff for i being set st i in I holds IT . i is finite ); theorem :: FINSET_1:15 for B, A being set st B is infinite holds not B in [:A,B:] proof let B, A be set ; ::_thesis: ( B is infinite implies not B in [:A,B:] ) assume that A1: B is infinite and A2: B in [:A,B:] ; ::_thesis: contradiction ex x being set st ( x in A & B = [x,{x}] ) by A2, ZFMISC_1:129; hence contradiction by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let I be set ; let f be I -defined Function; cluster Relation-like I -defined Function-like f -compatible finite for set ; existence ex b1 being Function st ( b1 is finite & b1 is I -defined & b1 is f -compatible ) proof take {} ; ::_thesis: ( {} is finite & {} is I -defined & {} is f -compatible ) thus ( {} is finite & {} is I -defined & {} is f -compatible ) by FUNCT_1:104, RELAT_1:171; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X, Y be set ; cluster Relation-like X -defined Y -valued Function-like finite for set ; existence ex b1 being Function st ( b1 is finite & b1 is X -defined & b1 is Y -valued ) proof take {} ; ::_thesis: ( {} is finite & {} is X -defined & {} is Y -valued ) thus ( {} is finite & {} is X -defined & {} is Y -valued ) by RELAT_1:171; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X, Y be non empty set ; cluster non empty Relation-like X -defined Y -valued Function-like finite for set ; existence ex b1 being Function st ( b1 is X -defined & b1 is Y -valued & not b1 is empty & b1 is finite ) proof set x = the Element of X; set y = the Element of Y; take F = the Element of X .--> the Element of Y; ::_thesis: ( F is X -defined & F is Y -valued & not F is empty & F is finite ) thus F is X -defined ; ::_thesis: ( F is Y -valued & not F is empty & F is finite ) thus F is Y -valued ; ::_thesis: ( not F is empty & F is finite ) thus ( not F is empty & F is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be set ; let F be finite Relation; clusterA |` F -> finite ; coherence A |` F is finite proof A |` F c= F by RELAT_1:86; hence A |` F is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be set ; let F be finite Relation; clusterF | A -> finite ; coherence F | A is finite proof F | A c= F by RELAT_1:59; hence F | A is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be finite set ; let F be Function; clusterF | A -> finite ; coherence F | A is finite proof dom (F | A) c= A by RELAT_1:58; hence F | A is finite by Th10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let R be finite Relation; cluster field R -> finite ; coherence field R is finite ; end; registration cluster trivial -> finite for set ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is trivial holds b1 is finite proof let S be set ; ::_thesis: ( S is trivial implies S is finite ) assume A1: S is trivial ; ::_thesis: S is finite percases ( S is empty or ex x being set st S = {x} ) by A1, ZFMISC_1:131; suppose S is empty ; ::_thesis: S is finite hence S is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose ex x being set st S = {x} ; ::_thesis: S is finite hence S is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; registration cluster infinite -> non trivial for set ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is infinite holds not b1 is trivial ; end; registration let X be non trivial set ; cluster non trivial finite for Element of bool X; existence ex b1 being Subset of X st ( b1 is finite & not b1 is trivial ) proof consider a1, a2 being set such that A1: ( a1 in X & a2 in X & a1 <> a2 ) by ZFMISC_1:def_10; reconsider A = {a1,a2} as Subset of X by A1, ZFMISC_1:32; take A ; ::_thesis: ( A is finite & not A is trivial ) thus A is finite ; ::_thesis: not A is trivial ( a1 in A & a2 in A ) by TARSKI:def_2; hence not A is trivial by A1, ZFMISC_1:def_10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let x, y, a, b be set ; cluster(x,y) --> (a,b) -> finite ; coherence (x,y) --> (a,b) is finite ; end; definition let A be set ; attrA is finite-membered means :Def6: :: FINSET_1:def 6 for B being set st B in A holds B is finite ; end; :: deftheorem Def6 defines finite-membered FINSET_1:def_6_:_ for A being set holds ( A is finite-membered iff for B being set st B in A holds B is finite ); registration cluster empty -> finite-membered for set ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is empty holds b1 is finite-membered proof let A be set ; ::_thesis: ( A is empty implies A is finite-membered ) assume A1: A is empty ; ::_thesis: A is finite-membered let B be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( B in A implies B is finite ) thus ( B in A implies B is finite ) by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be finite-membered set ; cluster -> finite for Element of A; coherence for b1 being Element of A holds b1 is finite proof let B be Element of A; ::_thesis: B is finite percases ( A is empty or not A is empty ) ; suppose A is empty ; ::_thesis: B is finite hence B is finite by SUBSET_1:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not A is empty ; ::_thesis: B is finite hence B is finite by Def6; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; registration cluster non empty finite finite-membered for set ; existence ex b1 being set st ( not b1 is empty & b1 is finite & b1 is finite-membered ) proof take x = {{{}}}; ::_thesis: ( not x is empty & x is finite & x is finite-membered ) thus ( not x is empty & x is finite ) ; ::_thesis: x is finite-membered let y be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( y in x implies y is finite ) thus ( y in x implies y is finite ) by TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X be finite set ; cluster{X} -> finite-membered ; coherence {X} is finite-membered proof let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( x in {X} implies x is finite ) thus ( x in {X} implies x is finite ) by TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; cluster bool X -> finite-membered ; coherence bool X is finite-membered proof let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( x in bool X implies x is finite ) thus ( x in bool X implies x is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; let Y be finite set ; cluster{X,Y} -> finite-membered ; coherence {X,Y} is finite-membered proof let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( x in {X,Y} implies x is finite ) thus ( x in {X,Y} implies x is finite ) by TARSKI:def_2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X be finite-membered set ; cluster -> finite-membered for Element of bool X; coherence for b1 being Subset of X holds b1 is finite-membered proof let S be Subset of X; ::_thesis: S is finite-membered let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( x in S implies x is finite ) thus ( x in S implies x is finite ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; let Y be finite-membered set ; clusterX \/ Y -> finite-membered ; coherence X \/ Y is finite-membered proof let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( x in X \/ Y implies x is finite ) assume x in X \/ Y ; ::_thesis: x is finite then ( x in X or x in Y ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence x is finite ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X be finite finite-membered set ; cluster union X -> finite ; coherence union X is finite proof for x being set st x in X holds x is finite ; hence union X is finite by Th7; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster non empty Relation-like Function-like finite-yielding for set ; existence ex b1 being Function st ( not b1 is empty & b1 is finite-yielding ) proof take F = {{}} .--> {{}}; ::_thesis: ( not F is empty & F is finite-yielding ) thus not F is empty ; ::_thesis: F is finite-yielding let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_5 ::_thesis: ( x in {{{}}} implies F . x is finite ) assume x in {{{}}} ; ::_thesis: F . x is finite then x = {{}} by TARSKI:def_1; hence F . x is finite by FUNCOP_1:72; ::_thesis: verum end; cluster empty Relation-like -> finite-yielding for set ; coherence for b1 being Relation st b1 is empty holds b1 is finite-yielding proof let F be Relation; ::_thesis: ( F is empty implies F is finite-yielding ) assume A1: F is empty ; ::_thesis: F is finite-yielding let x be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( x in rng F implies x is finite ) thus ( x in rng F implies x is finite ) by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let F be finite-yielding Function; let x be set ; clusterF . x -> finite ; coherence F . x is finite proof percases ( x in dom F or not x in dom F ) ; suppose x in dom F ; ::_thesis: F . x is finite hence F . x is finite by Def4; ::_thesis: verum end; suppose not x in dom F ; ::_thesis: F . x is finite hence F . x is finite by FUNCT_1:def_2; ::_thesis: verum end; end; end; end; registration let F be finite-yielding Relation; cluster proj2 F -> finite-membered ; coherence rng F is finite-membered proof let e be set ; :: according to FINSET_1:def_6 ::_thesis: ( e in rng F implies e is finite ) thus ( e in rng F implies e is finite ) by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; end;