:: ORDINAL1 semantic presentation begin theorem :: ORDINAL1:1 canceled; theorem :: ORDINAL1:2 canceled; theorem :: ORDINAL1:3 canceled; theorem :: ORDINAL1:4 canceled; theorem Th5: :: ORDINAL1:5 for Y, X being set st Y in X holds not X c= Y proof let Y, X be set ; ::_thesis: ( Y in X implies not X c= Y ) assume A1: Y in X ; ::_thesis: not X c= Y assume X c= Y ; ::_thesis: contradiction then Y in Y by A1; hence contradiction ; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let X be set ; func succ X -> set equals :: ORDINAL1:def 1 X \/ {X}; coherence X \/ {X} is set ; end; :: deftheorem defines succ ORDINAL1:def_1_:_ for X being set holds succ X = X \/ {X}; registration let X be set ; cluster succ X -> non empty ; coherence not succ X is empty ; end; theorem Th6: :: ORDINAL1:6 for X being set holds X in succ X proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: X in succ X X in {X} by TARSKI:def_1; hence X in succ X by XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:7 for X, Y being set st succ X = succ Y holds X = Y proof let X, Y be set ; ::_thesis: ( succ X = succ Y implies X = Y ) assume that A1: succ X = succ Y and A2: X <> Y ; ::_thesis: contradiction Y in X \/ {X} by A1, Th6; then A3: ( Y in X or Y in {X} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; X in Y \/ {Y} by A1, Th6; then ( X in Y or X in {Y} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence contradiction by A2, A3, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th8: :: ORDINAL1:8 for x, X being set holds ( x in succ X iff ( x in X or x = X ) ) proof let x, X be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in succ X iff ( x in X or x = X ) ) thus ( not x in succ X or x in X or x = X ) ::_thesis: ( ( x in X or x = X ) implies x in succ X ) proof assume x in succ X ; ::_thesis: ( x in X or x = X ) then ( x in X or x in {X} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence ( x in X or x = X ) by TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; assume ( x in X or x = X ) ; ::_thesis: x in succ X then ( x in X or x in {X} ) by TARSKI:def_1; hence x in succ X by XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th9: :: ORDINAL1:9 for X being set holds X <> succ X proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: X <> succ X assume A1: X = succ X ; ::_thesis: contradiction X in succ X by Th6; hence contradiction by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let X be set ; attrX is epsilon-transitive means :Def2: :: ORDINAL1:def 2 for x being set st x in X holds x c= X; attrX is epsilon-connected means :Def3: :: ORDINAL1:def 3 for x, y being set st x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x; end; :: deftheorem Def2 defines epsilon-transitive ORDINAL1:def_2_:_ for X being set holds ( X is epsilon-transitive iff for x being set st x in X holds x c= X ); :: deftheorem Def3 defines epsilon-connected ORDINAL1:def_3_:_ for X being set holds ( X is epsilon-connected iff for x, y being set st x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x ); Lm1: ( {} is epsilon-transitive & {} is epsilon-connected ) proof thus for x being set st x in {} holds x c= {} ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_2 ::_thesis: {} is epsilon-connected thus for x, y being set st x in {} & y in {} & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_3 ::_thesis: verum end; definition let IT be set ; attrIT is ordinal means :Def4: :: ORDINAL1:def 4 ( IT is epsilon-transitive & IT is epsilon-connected ); end; :: deftheorem Def4 defines ordinal ORDINAL1:def_4_:_ for IT being set holds ( IT is ordinal iff ( IT is epsilon-transitive & IT is epsilon-connected ) ); registration cluster ordinal -> epsilon-transitive epsilon-connected for number ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is ordinal holds ( b1 is epsilon-transitive & b1 is epsilon-connected ) by Def4; cluster epsilon-transitive epsilon-connected -> ordinal for number ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is epsilon-transitive & b1 is epsilon-connected holds b1 is ordinal by Def4; end; notation synonym number for set ; end; registration cluster ordinal for number ; existence ex b1 being number st b1 is ordinal by Lm1; end; definition mode Ordinal is ordinal number ; end; theorem Th10: :: ORDINAL1:10 for A, B being set for C being epsilon-transitive set st A in B & B in C holds A in C proof let A, B be set ; ::_thesis: for C being epsilon-transitive set st A in B & B in C holds A in C let C be epsilon-transitive set ; ::_thesis: ( A in B & B in C implies A in C ) assume that A1: A in B and A2: B in C ; ::_thesis: A in C B c= C by A2, Def2; hence A in C by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th11: :: ORDINAL1:11 for x being epsilon-transitive set for A being Ordinal st x c< A holds x in A proof let x be epsilon-transitive set ; ::_thesis: for A being Ordinal st x c< A holds x in A let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( x c< A implies x in A ) set a = the Element of A \ x; assume A1: x c< A ; ::_thesis: x in A then A2: x c= A by XBOOLE_0:def_8; A \ x <> {} proof assume A \ x = {} ; ::_thesis: contradiction then A c= x by XBOOLE_1:37; hence contradiction by A1, XBOOLE_1:60; ::_thesis: verum end; then the Element of A \ x in A \ x ; then consider y being set such that A3: y in A \ x and A4: for a being set holds ( not a in A \ x or not a in y ) by TARSKI:2; A5: not y in x by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_5; now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_x_holds_ a_in_y let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in x implies a in y ) assume a in x ; ::_thesis: a in y then consider z being set such that A6: z = a and A7: z in x ; z c= x by A7, Def2; then not y in z by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_5; hence a in y by A2, A3, A5, A6, A7, Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; then A8: x c= y by TARSKI:def_3; A9: y c= A by A3, Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_y_holds_ a_in_x let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in y implies a in x ) assume A10: a in y ; ::_thesis: a in x then not a in A \ x by A4; hence a in x by A9, A10, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; then A11: y c= x by TARSKI:def_3; y in A by A3; hence x in A by A11, A8, XBOOLE_0:def_10; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:12 for A being epsilon-transitive set for B, C being Ordinal st A c= B & B in C holds A in C proof let A be epsilon-transitive set ; ::_thesis: for B, C being Ordinal st A c= B & B in C holds A in C let B, C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A c= B & B in C implies A in C ) assume that A1: A c= B and A2: B in C ; ::_thesis: A in C B c= C by A2, Def2; then A3: A c= C by A1, XBOOLE_1:1; A <> C by A1, A2, Th5; then A c< C by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_8; hence A in C by Th11; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th13: :: ORDINAL1:13 for a being set for A being Ordinal st a in A holds a is Ordinal proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: for A being Ordinal st a in A holds a is Ordinal let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( a in A implies a is Ordinal ) assume A1: a in A ; ::_thesis: a is Ordinal then A2: a c= A by Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_y_being_set_st_y_in_a_holds_ y_c=_a let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in a implies y c= a ) assume A3: y in a ; ::_thesis: y c= a then A4: y c= A by A2, Def2; assume not y c= a ; ::_thesis: contradiction then consider b being set such that A5: ( b in y & not b in a ) by TARSKI:def_3; b in y \ a by A5, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then consider z being set such that A6: z in y \ a and for c being set holds ( not c in y \ a or not c in z ) by TARSKI:2; z in y by A6; then ( z in a or z = a or a in z ) by A1, A4, Def3; hence contradiction by A3, A6, XREGULAR:7, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; then A7: a is epsilon-transitive by Def2; for y, z being set st y in a & z in a & not y in z & not y = z holds z in y by A2, Def3; then a is epsilon-connected by Def3; hence a is Ordinal by A7; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th14: :: ORDINAL1:14 for A, B being Ordinal holds ( A in B or A = B or B in A ) proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A in B or A = B or B in A ) assume that A1: not A in B and A2: A <> B ; ::_thesis: B in A not A c< B by A1, Th11; then not A c= B by A2, XBOOLE_0:def_8; then consider a being set such that A3: ( a in A & not a in B ) by TARSKI:def_3; a in A \ B by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then consider X being set such that A4: X in A \ B and A5: for a being set holds ( not a in A \ B or not a in X ) by TARSKI:2; A6: X c= A by A4, Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_b_being_set_st_b_in_X_holds_ b_in_B let b be set ; ::_thesis: ( b in X implies b in B ) assume A7: b in X ; ::_thesis: b in B then not b in A \ B by A5; hence b in B by A6, A7, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; then X c= B by TARSKI:def_3; then A8: ( X c< B or X = B ) by XBOOLE_0:def_8; ( not X in B & X is Ordinal ) by A4, Th13, XBOOLE_0:def_5; hence B in A by A4, A8, Th11; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let A, B be Ordinal; :: original: c= redefine predA c= B means :: ORDINAL1:def 5 for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B; compatibility ( A c= B iff for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B ) proof thus ( A c= B implies for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B ) ; ::_thesis: ( ( for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B ) implies A c= B ) assume A1: for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B ; ::_thesis: A c= B let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in A or x in B ) assume A2: x in A ; ::_thesis: x in B then reconsider C = x as Ordinal by Th13; C in B by A1, A2; hence x in B ; ::_thesis: verum end; connectedness for A, B being Ordinal st ex C being Ordinal st ( C in A & not C in B ) holds for C being Ordinal st C in B holds C in A proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( ex C being Ordinal st ( C in A & not C in B ) implies for C being Ordinal st C in B holds C in A ) given C being Ordinal such that A3: ( C in A & not C in B ) ; ::_thesis: for C being Ordinal st C in B holds C in A let D be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( D in B implies D in A ) ( A in B or A = B or B in A ) by Th14; hence ( D in B implies D in A ) by A3, Th10; ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem defines c= ORDINAL1:def_5_:_ for A, B being Ordinal holds ( A c= B iff for C being Ordinal st C in A holds C in B ); theorem :: ORDINAL1:15 for A, B being Ordinal holds A,B are_c=-comparable proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: A,B are_c=-comparable ( A c= B or B c= A ) ; hence A,B are_c=-comparable by XBOOLE_0:def_9; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th16: :: ORDINAL1:16 for A, B being Ordinal holds ( A c= B or B in A ) proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A c= B or B in A ) ( A in B or A = B or B in A ) by Th14; hence ( A c= B or B in A ) by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster empty -> ordinal for number ; coherence for b1 being number st b1 is empty holds b1 is ordinal by Lm1; end; theorem Th17: :: ORDINAL1:17 for x being set st x is Ordinal holds succ x is Ordinal proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x is Ordinal implies succ x is Ordinal ) A1: now__::_thesis:_for_y_being_set_holds_ (_not_y_in_succ_x_or_y_in_x_or_y_=_x_) let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( not y in succ x or y in x or y = x ) A2: ( y in {x} implies y = x ) by TARSKI:def_1; assume y in succ x ; ::_thesis: ( y in x or y = x ) hence ( y in x or y = x ) by A2, XBOOLE_0:def_3; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A3: x is Ordinal ; ::_thesis: succ x is Ordinal now__::_thesis:_for_y_being_set_st_y_in_succ_x_holds_ y_c=_succ_x let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in succ x implies y c= succ x ) A4: ( y = x implies y c= succ x ) by XBOOLE_1:7; A5: now__::_thesis:_(_y_in_x_implies_y_c=_succ_x_) assume y in x ; ::_thesis: y c= succ x then A6: y c= x by A3, Def2; x c= x \/ {x} by XBOOLE_1:7; hence y c= succ x by A6, XBOOLE_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; assume y in succ x ; ::_thesis: y c= succ x hence y c= succ x by A1, A5, A4; ::_thesis: verum end; then A7: succ x is epsilon-transitive by Def2; now__::_thesis:_for_y,_z_being_set_st_y_in_succ_x_&_z_in_succ_x_&_not_y_in_z_&_not_y_=_z_holds_ z_in_y let y, z be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in succ x & z in succ x & not y in z & not y = z implies z in y ) assume that A8: y in succ x and A9: z in succ x ; ::_thesis: ( y in z or y = z or z in y ) A10: ( z in x or z = x ) by A1, A9; ( y in x or y = x ) by A1, A8; hence ( y in z or y = z or z in y ) by A3, A10, Def3; ::_thesis: verum end; then succ x is epsilon-connected by Def3; hence succ x is Ordinal by A7; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th18: :: ORDINAL1:18 for x being set st x is ordinal holds union x is ordinal proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x is ordinal implies union x is ordinal ) assume ( x is epsilon-transitive & x is epsilon-connected ) ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_4 ::_thesis: union x is ordinal then reconsider A = x as Ordinal ; thus for y being set st y in union x holds y c= union x :: according to ORDINAL1:def_2,ORDINAL1:def_4 ::_thesis: union x is epsilon-connected proof let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in union x implies y c= union x ) assume y in union x ; ::_thesis: y c= union x then consider z being set such that A1: y in z and A2: z in x by TARSKI:def_4; z in A by A2; then reconsider z = z as Ordinal by Th13; z c= A by A2, Def2; hence y c= union x by A1, ZFMISC_1:74; ::_thesis: verum end; let y be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_3 ::_thesis: for y being set st y in union x & y in union x & not y in y & not y = y holds y in y let z be set ; ::_thesis: ( y in union x & z in union x & not y in z & not y = z implies z in y ) assume that A3: y in union x and A4: z in union x ; ::_thesis: ( y in z or y = z or z in y ) consider X being set such that A5: y in X and A6: X in x by A3, TARSKI:def_4; A7: X in A by A6; consider Y being set such that A8: z in Y and A9: Y in x by A4, TARSKI:def_4; reconsider X = X, Y = Y as Ordinal by A9, A7, Th13; z in Y by A8; then A10: z is Ordinal by Th13; y in X by A5; then y is Ordinal by Th13; hence ( y in z or y = z or z in y ) by A10, Th14; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster non empty epsilon-transitive epsilon-connected ordinal for number ; existence not for b1 being Ordinal holds b1 is empty proof reconsider A = succ {} as Ordinal by Th17; take A ; ::_thesis: not A is empty thus not A is empty ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be Ordinal; cluster succ A -> non empty ordinal ; coherence ( not succ A is empty & succ A is ordinal ) by Th17; cluster union A -> ordinal ; coherence union A is ordinal by Th18; end; theorem Th19: :: ORDINAL1:19 for X being set st ( for x being set st x in X holds ( x is Ordinal & x c= X ) ) holds X is ordinal proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for x being set st x in X holds ( x is Ordinal & x c= X ) ) implies X is ordinal ) assume A1: for x being set st x in X holds ( x is Ordinal & x c= X ) ; ::_thesis: X is ordinal thus X is epsilon-transitive :: according to ORDINAL1:def_4 ::_thesis: X is epsilon-connected proof let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( x in X implies x c= X ) assume x in X ; ::_thesis: x c= X hence x c= X by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_3 ::_thesis: for y being set st x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y implies y in x ) assume ( x in X & y in X ) ; ::_thesis: ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) then ( x is Ordinal & y is Ordinal ) by A1; hence ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) by Th14; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th20: :: ORDINAL1:20 for X being set for A being Ordinal st X c= A & X <> {} holds ex C being Ordinal st ( C in X & ( for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B ) ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: for A being Ordinal st X c= A & X <> {} holds ex C being Ordinal st ( C in X & ( for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B ) ) let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( X c= A & X <> {} implies ex C being Ordinal st ( C in X & ( for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B ) ) ) set a = the Element of X; assume that A1: X c= A and A2: X <> {} ; ::_thesis: ex C being Ordinal st ( C in X & ( for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B ) ) the Element of X in X by A2; then consider Y being set such that A3: Y in X and A4: for a being set holds ( not a in X or not a in Y ) by TARSKI:2; Y is Ordinal by A1, A3, Th13; then consider C being Ordinal such that A5: C = Y ; take C ; ::_thesis: ( C in X & ( for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B ) ) thus C in X by A3, A5; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( B in X implies C c= B ) assume B in X ; ::_thesis: C c= B then not B in C by A4, A5; then ( B = C or C in B ) by Th14; hence C c= B by Def2; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th21: :: ORDINAL1:21 for A, B being Ordinal holds ( A in B iff succ A c= B ) proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A in B iff succ A c= B ) thus ( A in B implies succ A c= B ) ::_thesis: ( succ A c= B implies A in B ) proof assume A1: A in B ; ::_thesis: succ A c= B then for a being set st a in {A} holds a in B by TARSKI:def_1; then A2: {A} c= B by TARSKI:def_3; A c= B by A1, Def2; hence succ A c= B by A2, XBOOLE_1:8; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A3: succ A c= B ; ::_thesis: A in B A in succ A by Th6; hence A in B by A3; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th22: :: ORDINAL1:22 for A, C being Ordinal holds ( A in succ C iff A c= C ) proof let A, C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A in succ C iff A c= C ) thus ( A in succ C implies A c= C ) ::_thesis: ( A c= C implies A in succ C ) proof assume A in succ C ; ::_thesis: A c= C then ( A in C or A in {C} ) by XBOOLE_0:def_3; hence A c= C by Def2, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A1: A c= C ; ::_thesis: A in succ C assume not A in succ C ; ::_thesis: contradiction then ( A = succ C or succ C in A ) by Th14; then A2: succ C c= C by A1, Def2; C in succ C by Th6; then C c= succ C by Def2; then succ C = C by A2, XBOOLE_0:def_10; hence contradiction by Th9; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 1 OrdinalMin{ P1[ Ordinal] } : ex A being Ordinal st ( P1[A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[B] holds A c= B ) ) provided A1: ex A being Ordinal st P1[A] proof consider A being Ordinal such that A2: P1[A] by A1; defpred S1[ set ] means ex B being Ordinal st ( $1 = B & P1[B] ); consider X being set such that A3: for x being set holds ( x in X iff ( x in succ A & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); for a being set st a in X holds a in succ A by A3; then A4: X c= succ A by TARSKI:def_3; A in succ A by Th6; then X <> {} by A2, A3; then consider C being Ordinal such that A5: C in X and A6: for B being Ordinal st B in X holds C c= B by A4, Th20; C in succ A by A3, A5; then A7: C c= succ A by Def2; take C ; ::_thesis: ( P1[C] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[B] holds C c= B ) ) ex B being Ordinal st ( C = B & P1[B] ) by A3, A5; hence P1[C] ; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal st P1[B] holds C c= B let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( P1[B] implies C c= B ) assume A8: P1[B] ; ::_thesis: C c= B assume A9: not C c= B ; ::_thesis: contradiction then B c< C by XBOOLE_0:def_8; then B in C by Th11; then B in X by A3, A8, A7; hence contradiction by A6, A9; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 2 TransfiniteInd{ P1[ Ordinal] } : for A being Ordinal holds P1[A] provided A1: for A being Ordinal st ( for C being Ordinal st C in A holds P1[C] ) holds P1[A] proof defpred S1[ set ] means ex B being Ordinal st ( $1 = B & P1[B] ); let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: P1[A] set Y = succ A; consider Z being set such that A2: for x being set holds ( x in Z iff ( x in succ A & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); now__::_thesis:_not_(succ_A)_\_Z_<>_{} assume (succ A) \ Z <> {} ; ::_thesis: contradiction then consider C being Ordinal such that A3: C in (succ A) \ Z and A4: for B being Ordinal st B in (succ A) \ Z holds C c= B by Th20; now__::_thesis:_for_B_being_Ordinal_st_B_in_C_holds_ P1[B] let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( B in C implies P1[B] ) assume A5: B in C ; ::_thesis: P1[B] A6: C c= succ A by A3, Def2; now__::_thesis:_B_in_Z assume not B in Z ; ::_thesis: contradiction then B in (succ A) \ Z by A5, A6, XBOOLE_0:def_5; then A7: C c= B by A4; C <> B by A5; then C c< B by A7, XBOOLE_0:def_8; hence contradiction by A5, Th11; ::_thesis: verum end; then ex B9 being Ordinal st ( B = B9 & P1[B9] ) by A2; hence P1[B] ; ::_thesis: verum end; then A8: P1[C] by A1; not C in Z by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_5; hence contradiction by A2, A3, A8; ::_thesis: verum end; then ( not A in succ A or A in Z ) by XBOOLE_0:def_5; then ex B being Ordinal st ( A = B & P1[B] ) by A2, Th6; hence P1[A] ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th23: :: ORDINAL1:23 for X being set st ( for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ) holds union X is ordinal proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ) implies union X is ordinal ) assume A1: for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ; ::_thesis: union X is ordinal thus union X is epsilon-transitive :: according to ORDINAL1:def_4 ::_thesis: union X is epsilon-connected proof let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( x in union X implies x c= union X ) assume x in union X ; ::_thesis: x c= union X then consider Y being set such that A2: x in Y and A3: Y in X by TARSKI:def_4; Y is Ordinal by A1, A3; then A4: x c= Y by A2, Def2; let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in x or a in union X ) assume a in x ; ::_thesis: a in union X hence a in union X by A3, A4, TARSKI:def_4; ::_thesis: verum end; let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_3 ::_thesis: for y being set st x in union X & y in union X & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in union X & y in union X & not x in y & not x = y implies y in x ) assume that A5: x in union X and A6: y in union X ; ::_thesis: ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) consider Z being set such that A7: y in Z and A8: Z in X by A6, TARSKI:def_4; Z is Ordinal by A1, A8; then A9: y is Ordinal by A7, Th13; consider Y being set such that A10: x in Y and A11: Y in X by A5, TARSKI:def_4; Y is Ordinal by A1, A11; then x is Ordinal by A10, Th13; hence ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) by A9, Th14; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th24: :: ORDINAL1:24 for X being set st ( for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ) holds ex A being Ordinal st X c= A proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ) implies ex A being Ordinal st X c= A ) assume A1: for a being set st a in X holds a is Ordinal ; ::_thesis: ex A being Ordinal st X c= A then A2: union X is Ordinal by Th23; then reconsider A = succ (union X) as Ordinal ; take A ; ::_thesis: X c= A let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in X or a in A ) assume A3: a in X ; ::_thesis: a in A then reconsider B = a as Ordinal by A1; for b being set st b in B holds b in union X by A3, TARSKI:def_4; then B c= union X by TARSKI:def_3; hence a in A by A2, Th22; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th25: :: ORDINAL1:25 for X being set holds not for x being set holds ( x in X iff x is Ordinal ) proof given X being set such that A1: for x being set holds ( x in X iff x is Ordinal ) ; ::_thesis: contradiction A2: X is epsilon-transitive proof let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_2 ::_thesis: ( x in X implies x c= X ) assume x in X ; ::_thesis: x c= X then A3: x is Ordinal by A1; thus x c= X ::_thesis: verum proof let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in x or a in X ) assume a in x ; ::_thesis: a in X then a is Ordinal by A3, Th13; hence a in X by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; X is epsilon-connected proof let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_3 ::_thesis: for y being set st x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y holds y in x let y be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in X & y in X & not x in y & not x = y implies y in x ) assume ( x in X & y in X ) ; ::_thesis: ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) then ( x is Ordinal & y is Ordinal ) by A1; hence ( x in y or x = y or y in x ) by Th14; ::_thesis: verum end; then X in X by A1, A2; hence contradiction ; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem Th26: :: ORDINAL1:26 for X being set holds not for A being Ordinal holds A in X proof defpred S1[ set ] means $1 is Ordinal; given X being set such that A1: for A being Ordinal holds A in X ; ::_thesis: contradiction consider Y being set such that A2: for a being set holds ( a in Y iff ( a in X & S1[a] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); now__::_thesis:_for_x_being_set_st_x_is_Ordinal_holds_ x_in_Y let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x is Ordinal implies x in Y ) assume A3: x is Ordinal ; ::_thesis: x in Y then x in X by A1; hence x in Y by A2, A3; ::_thesis: verum end; then for x being set holds ( x in Y iff x is Ordinal ) by A2; hence contradiction by Th25; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:27 for X being set ex A being Ordinal st ( not A in X & ( for B being Ordinal st not B in X holds A c= B ) ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ex A being Ordinal st ( not A in X & ( for B being Ordinal st not B in X holds A c= B ) ) defpred S1[ set ] means not $1 in X; consider B being Ordinal such that A1: not B in X by Th26; consider Y being set such that A2: for a being set holds ( a in Y iff ( a in succ B & S1[a] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); for a being set st a in Y holds a in succ B by A2; then A3: Y c= succ B by TARSKI:def_3; B in succ B by Th6; then Y <> {} by A1, A2; then consider A being Ordinal such that A4: A in Y and A5: for B being Ordinal st B in Y holds A c= B by A3, Th20; A in succ B by A2, A4; then A6: A c= succ B by Def2; take A ; ::_thesis: ( not A in X & ( for B being Ordinal st not B in X holds A c= B ) ) thus not A in X by A2, A4; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal st not B in X holds A c= B let C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( not C in X implies A c= C ) assume A7: not C in X ; ::_thesis: A c= C assume A8: not A c= C ; ::_thesis: contradiction then not A in C by Def2; then C in A by A8, Th14; then C in Y by A2, A7, A6; hence contradiction by A5, A8; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let A be set ; attrA is limit_ordinal means :Def6: :: ORDINAL1:def 6 A = union A; end; :: deftheorem Def6 defines limit_ordinal ORDINAL1:def_6_:_ for A being set holds ( A is limit_ordinal iff A = union A ); theorem Th28: :: ORDINAL1:28 for A being Ordinal holds ( A is limit_ordinal iff for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A ) proof let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A is limit_ordinal iff for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A ) thus ( A is limit_ordinal implies for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A ) ::_thesis: ( ( for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A ) implies A is limit_ordinal ) proof assume A is limit_ordinal ; ::_thesis: for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A then A1: A = union A by Def6; let C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( C in A implies succ C in A ) assume C in A ; ::_thesis: succ C in A then consider z being set such that A2: C in z and A3: z in A by A1, TARSKI:def_4; for b being set st b in {C} holds b in z by A2, TARSKI:def_1; then A4: {C} c= z by TARSKI:def_3; A5: z is Ordinal by A3, Th13; then C c= z by A2, Def2; then succ C c= z by A4, XBOOLE_1:8; then ( succ C = z or succ C c< z ) by XBOOLE_0:def_8; then A6: ( succ C = z or succ C in z ) by A5, Th11; z c= A by A3, Def2; hence succ C in A by A3, A6; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A7: for C being Ordinal st C in A holds succ C in A ; ::_thesis: A is limit_ordinal now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_A_holds_ a_in_union_A let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in A implies a in union A ) assume A8: a in A ; ::_thesis: a in union A then a is Ordinal by Th13; then A9: succ a in A by A7, A8; a in succ a by Th6; hence a in union A by A9, TARSKI:def_4; ::_thesis: verum end; then A10: A c= union A by TARSKI:def_3; now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_union_A_holds_ a_in_A let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in union A implies a in A ) assume a in union A ; ::_thesis: a in A then consider z being set such that A11: a in z and A12: z in A by TARSKI:def_4; z c= A by A12, Def2; hence a in A by A11; ::_thesis: verum end; then union A c= A by TARSKI:def_3; then A = union A by A10, XBOOLE_0:def_10; hence A is limit_ordinal by Def6; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:29 for A being Ordinal holds ( not A is limit_ordinal iff ex B being Ordinal st A = succ B ) proof let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( not A is limit_ordinal iff ex B being Ordinal st A = succ B ) thus ( not A is limit_ordinal implies ex B being Ordinal st A = succ B ) ::_thesis: ( ex B being Ordinal st A = succ B implies not A is limit_ordinal ) proof assume not A is limit_ordinal ; ::_thesis: ex B being Ordinal st A = succ B then consider B being Ordinal such that A1: B in A and A2: not succ B in A by Th28; take B ; ::_thesis: A = succ B assume A3: A <> succ B ; ::_thesis: contradiction succ B c= A by A1, Th21; then succ B c< A by A3, XBOOLE_0:def_8; hence contradiction by A2, Th11; ::_thesis: verum end; given B being Ordinal such that A4: A = succ B ; ::_thesis: not A is limit_ordinal ( B in A & not succ B in A ) by A4, Th6; hence not A is limit_ordinal by Th28; ::_thesis: verum end; definition let IT be set ; attrIT is T-Sequence-like means :Def7: :: ORDINAL1:def 7 proj1 IT is ordinal ; end; :: deftheorem Def7 defines T-Sequence-like ORDINAL1:def_7_:_ for IT being set holds ( IT is T-Sequence-like iff proj1 IT is ordinal ); registration cluster empty -> T-Sequence-like for number ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is empty holds b1 is T-Sequence-like proof let E be set ; ::_thesis: ( E is empty implies E is T-Sequence-like ) assume E is empty ; ::_thesis: E is T-Sequence-like then proj1 E = {} ; hence E is T-Sequence-like by Def7; ::_thesis: verum end; end; definition mode T-Sequence is T-Sequence-like Function; end; registration let Z be set ; cluster Relation-like Z -valued Function-like T-Sequence-like for number ; existence ex b1 being T-Sequence st b1 is Z -valued proof reconsider L = {} as T-Sequence ; take L ; ::_thesis: L is Z -valued rng {} = {} ; hence rng L c= Z by XBOOLE_1:2; :: according to RELAT_1:def_19 ::_thesis: verum end; end; definition let Z be set ; mode T-Sequence of Z is Z -valued T-Sequence; end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:30 for Z being set holds {} is T-Sequence of Z proof let Z be set ; ::_thesis: {} is T-Sequence of Z reconsider L = {} as T-Sequence ; rng L = {} ; then rng L c= Z by XBOOLE_1:2; hence {} is T-Sequence of Z by RELAT_1:def_19; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:31 for F being Function st dom F is Ordinal holds F is T-Sequence of rng F by Def7, RELAT_1:def_19; registration let L be T-Sequence; cluster proj1 L -> ordinal ; coherence dom L is ordinal by Def7; end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:32 for X, Y being set st X c= Y holds for L being T-Sequence of X holds L is T-Sequence of Y proof let X, Y be set ; ::_thesis: ( X c= Y implies for L being T-Sequence of X holds L is T-Sequence of Y ) assume A1: X c= Y ; ::_thesis: for L being T-Sequence of X holds L is T-Sequence of Y let L be T-Sequence of X; ::_thesis: L is T-Sequence of Y rng L c= X by RELAT_1:def_19; then rng L c= Y by A1, XBOOLE_1:1; hence L is T-Sequence of Y by RELAT_1:def_19; ::_thesis: verum end; registration let L be T-Sequence; let A be Ordinal; clusterL | A -> rng L -valued T-Sequence-like ; coherence ( L | A is rng L -valued & L | A is T-Sequence-like ) proof A1: rng (L | A) c= rng L by RELAT_1:70; ( A c= dom L implies dom (L | A) = A ) by RELAT_1:62; hence ( L | A is rng L -valued & L | A is T-Sequence-like ) by A1, Def7, RELAT_1:68, RELAT_1:def_19; ::_thesis: verum end; end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:33 for X being set for L being T-Sequence of X for A being Ordinal holds L | A is T-Sequence of X ; definition let IT be set ; attrIT is c=-linear means :Def8: :: ORDINAL1:def 8 for x, y being set st x in IT & y in IT holds x,y are_c=-comparable ; end; :: deftheorem Def8 defines c=-linear ORDINAL1:def_8_:_ for IT being set holds ( IT is c=-linear iff for x, y being set st x in IT & y in IT holds x,y are_c=-comparable ); theorem :: ORDINAL1:34 for X being set st ( for a being set st a in X holds a is T-Sequence ) & X is c=-linear holds union X is T-Sequence proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for a being set st a in X holds a is T-Sequence ) & X is c=-linear implies union X is T-Sequence ) assume that A1: for a being set st a in X holds a is T-Sequence and A2: X is c=-linear ; ::_thesis: union X is T-Sequence ( union X is Relation-like & union X is Function-like ) proof thus for a being set st a in union X holds ex b, c being set st [b,c] = a :: according to RELAT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: union X is Function-like proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in union X implies ex b, c being set st [b,c] = a ) assume a in union X ; ::_thesis: ex b, c being set st [b,c] = a then consider x being set such that A3: a in x and A4: x in X by TARSKI:def_4; reconsider x = x as T-Sequence by A1, A4; for a being set st a in x holds ex b, c being set st [b,c] = a by RELAT_1:def_1; hence ex b, c being set st [b,c] = a by A3; ::_thesis: verum end; let a be set ; :: according to FUNCT_1:def_1 ::_thesis: for b1, b2 being number holds ( not [a,b1] in union X or not [a,b2] in union X or b1 = b2 ) let b, c be set ; ::_thesis: ( not [a,b] in union X or not [a,c] in union X or b = c ) assume that A5: [a,b] in union X and A6: [a,c] in union X ; ::_thesis: b = c consider y being set such that A7: [a,c] in y and A8: y in X by A6, TARSKI:def_4; reconsider y = y as T-Sequence by A1, A8; consider x being set such that A9: [a,b] in x and A10: x in X by A5, TARSKI:def_4; reconsider x = x as T-Sequence by A1, A10; x,y are_c=-comparable by A2, A10, A8, Def8; then ( x c= y or y c= x ) by XBOOLE_0:def_9; hence b = c by A9, A7, FUNCT_1:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider F = union X as Function ; defpred S1[ set , set ] means ( $1 in X & ( for L being T-Sequence st L = $1 holds dom L = $2 ) ); A11: for a, b, c being set st S1[a,b] & S1[a,c] holds b = c proof let a, b, c be set ; ::_thesis: ( S1[a,b] & S1[a,c] implies b = c ) assume that A12: a in X and A13: for L being T-Sequence st L = a holds dom L = b and a in X and A14: for L being T-Sequence st L = a holds dom L = c ; ::_thesis: b = c reconsider a = a as T-Sequence by A1, A12; dom a = b by A13; hence b = c by A14; ::_thesis: verum end; consider G being Function such that A15: for a, b being set holds ( [a,b] in G iff ( a in X & S1[a,b] ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_1(A11); A16: for a, b being set st [a,b] in G holds b is Ordinal proof let a, b be set ; ::_thesis: ( [a,b] in G implies b is Ordinal ) assume A17: [a,b] in G ; ::_thesis: b is Ordinal then a in X by A15; then reconsider a = a as T-Sequence by A1; dom a = b by A15, A17; hence b is Ordinal ; ::_thesis: verum end; for a being set st a in rng G holds a is Ordinal proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in rng G implies a is Ordinal ) assume a in rng G ; ::_thesis: a is Ordinal then consider b being set such that A18: ( b in dom G & a = G . b ) by FUNCT_1:def_3; [b,a] in G by A18, FUNCT_1:1; hence a is Ordinal by A16; ::_thesis: verum end; then consider A being Ordinal such that A19: rng G c= A by Th24; defpred S2[ Ordinal] means for B being Ordinal st B in rng G holds B c= $1; for B being Ordinal st B in rng G holds B c= A by A19, Def2; then A20: ex A being Ordinal st S2[A] ; consider A being Ordinal such that A21: ( S2[A] & ( for C being Ordinal st S2[C] holds A c= C ) ) from ORDINAL1:sch_1(A20); dom F = A proof thus for a being set st a in dom F holds a in A :: according to TARSKI:def_3,XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: A c= dom F proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in dom F implies a in A ) assume a in dom F ; ::_thesis: a in A then consider b being set such that A22: [a,b] in F by XTUPLE_0:def_12; consider x being set such that A23: [a,b] in x and A24: x in X by A22, TARSKI:def_4; reconsider x = x as T-Sequence by A1, A24; for L being T-Sequence st L = x holds dom L = dom x ; then [x,(dom x)] in G by A15, A24; then ( x in dom G & dom x = G . x ) by FUNCT_1:1; then dom x in rng G by FUNCT_1:def_3; then A25: dom x c= A by A21; a in dom x by A23, XTUPLE_0:def_12; hence a in A by A25; ::_thesis: verum end; let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in A or a in dom F ) assume A26: a in A ; ::_thesis: a in dom F then reconsider a9 = a as Ordinal by Th13; now__::_thesis:_ex_L_being_T-Sequence_st_ (_L_in_X_&_a9_in_dom_L_) assume A27: for L being T-Sequence st L in X holds not a9 in dom L ; ::_thesis: contradiction now__::_thesis:_for_B_being_Ordinal_st_B_in_rng_G_holds_ B_c=_a9 let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( B in rng G implies B c= a9 ) assume B in rng G ; ::_thesis: B c= a9 then consider c being set such that A28: ( c in dom G & B = G . c ) by FUNCT_1:def_3; A29: [c,B] in G by A28, FUNCT_1:1; then c in X by A15; then reconsider c = c as T-Sequence by A1; ( c in X & dom c = B ) by A15, A29; hence B c= a9 by A27, Th16; ::_thesis: verum end; then A30: A c= a9 by A21; a9 c= A by A26, Def2; then A = a by A30, XBOOLE_0:def_10; hence contradiction by A26; ::_thesis: verum end; then consider L being T-Sequence such that A31: ( L in X & a in dom L ) ; ( L c= F & ex b being set st [a,b] in L ) by A31, XTUPLE_0:def_12, ZFMISC_1:74; hence a in dom F by XTUPLE_0:def_12; ::_thesis: verum end; hence union X is T-Sequence by Def7; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 3 TSUniq{ F1() -> Ordinal, F2( T-Sequence) -> set , F3() -> T-Sequence, F4() -> T-Sequence } : F3() = F4() provided A1: ( dom F3() = F1() & ( for B being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L = F3() | B holds F3() . B = F2(L) ) ) and A2: ( dom F4() = F1() & ( for B being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L = F4() | B holds F4() . B = F2(L) ) ) proof defpred S1[ set ] means F3() . $1 <> F4() . $1; consider X being set such that A3: for x being set holds ( x in X iff ( x in F1() & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); for b being set st b in X holds b in F1() by A3; then A4: X c= F1() by TARSKI:def_3; assume F3() <> F4() ; ::_thesis: contradiction then ex a being set st ( a in F1() & F3() . a <> F4() . a ) by A1, A2, FUNCT_1:2; then X <> {} by A3; then consider B being Ordinal such that A5: B in X and A6: for C being Ordinal st C in X holds B c= C by A4, Th20; A7: B in F1() by A3, A5; then A8: B c= F1() by Def2; then A9: dom (F3() | B) = B by A1, RELAT_1:62; A10: dom (F4() | B) = B by A2, A8, RELAT_1:62; A11: now__::_thesis:_for_C_being_Ordinal_st_C_in_B_holds_ F3()_._C_=_F4()_._C let C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( C in B implies F3() . C = F4() . C ) assume A12: C in B ; ::_thesis: F3() . C = F4() . C then not C in X by A6, Th5; hence F3() . C = F4() . C by A3, A8, A12; ::_thesis: verum end; now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_B_holds_ (F3()_|_B)_._a_=_(F4()_|_B)_._a let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in B implies (F3() | B) . a = (F4() | B) . a ) assume A13: a in B ; ::_thesis: (F3() | B) . a = (F4() | B) . a then reconsider a9 = a as Ordinal by Th13; ( F3() . a9 = F4() . a9 & (F3() | B) . a = F3() . a ) by A11, A9, A13, FUNCT_1:47; hence (F3() | B) . a = (F4() | B) . a by A10, A13, FUNCT_1:47; ::_thesis: verum end; then A14: F3() | B = F4() | B by A9, A10, FUNCT_1:2; ( F3() . B = F2((F3() | B)) & F4() . B = F2((F4() | B)) ) by A1, A2, A7; hence contradiction by A3, A5, A14; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 4 TSExist{ F1() -> Ordinal, F2( T-Sequence) -> set } : ex L being T-Sequence st ( dom L = F1() & ( for B being Ordinal for L1 being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L1 = L | B holds L . B = F2(L1) ) ) proof defpred S1[ Ordinal] means ex L being T-Sequence st ( dom L = $1 & ( for B being Ordinal st B in $1 holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ); A1: for B being Ordinal st ( for C being Ordinal st C in B holds S1[C] ) holds S1[B] proof defpred S2[ set , set ] means ( $1 is Ordinal & $2 is T-Sequence & ( for A being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st A = $1 & L = $2 holds ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) ) ); let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( ( for C being Ordinal st C in B holds S1[C] ) implies S1[B] ) assume A2: for C being Ordinal st C in B holds ex L being T-Sequence st ( dom L = C & ( for D being Ordinal st D in C holds L . D = F2((L | D)) ) ) ; ::_thesis: S1[B] A3: for a, b, c being set st S2[a,b] & S2[a,c] holds b = c proof let a, b, c be set ; ::_thesis: ( S2[a,b] & S2[a,c] implies b = c ) assume that A4: a is Ordinal and A5: b is T-Sequence and A6: for A being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st A = a & L = b holds ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) and a is Ordinal and A7: c is T-Sequence and A8: for A being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st A = a & L = c holds ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) ; ::_thesis: b = c reconsider c = c as T-Sequence by A7; reconsider a = a as Ordinal by A4; A9: ( dom c = a & ( for B being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st B in a & L = c | B holds c . B = F2(L) ) ) by A8; reconsider b = b as T-Sequence by A5; A10: ( dom b = a & ( for B being Ordinal for L being T-Sequence st B in a & L = b | B holds b . B = F2(L) ) ) by A6; b = c from ORDINAL1:sch_3(A10, A9); hence b = c ; ::_thesis: verum end; consider G being Function such that A11: for a, b being set holds ( [a,b] in G iff ( a in B & S2[a,b] ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_1(A3); defpred S3[ set , set ] means ex L being T-Sequence st ( L = G . $1 & $2 = F2(L) ); A12: dom G = B proof thus for a being set st a in dom G holds a in B :: according to TARSKI:def_3,XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: B c= dom G proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in dom G implies a in B ) assume a in dom G ; ::_thesis: a in B then ex b being set st [a,b] in G by XTUPLE_0:def_12; hence a in B by A11; ::_thesis: verum end; let a be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not a in B or a in dom G ) assume A13: a in B ; ::_thesis: a in dom G then reconsider a9 = a as Ordinal by Th13; consider L being T-Sequence such that A14: ( dom L = a9 & ( for D being Ordinal st D in a9 holds L . D = F2((L | D)) ) ) by A2, A13; for A being Ordinal for K being T-Sequence st A = a9 & K = L holds ( dom K = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds K . B = F2((K | B)) ) ) by A14; then [a9,L] in G by A11, A13; hence a in dom G by XTUPLE_0:def_12; ::_thesis: verum end; A15: for a being set st a in B holds ex b being set st S3[a,b] proof let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in B implies ex b being set st S3[a,b] ) assume a in B ; ::_thesis: ex b being set st S3[a,b] then consider c being set such that A16: [a,c] in G by A12, XTUPLE_0:def_12; reconsider L = c as T-Sequence by A11, A16; take F2(L) ; ::_thesis: S3[a,F2(L)] take L ; ::_thesis: ( L = G . a & F2(L) = F2(L) ) thus L = G . a by A16, FUNCT_1:1; ::_thesis: F2(L) = F2(L) thus F2(L) = F2(L) ; ::_thesis: verum end; A17: for a, b, c being set st a in B & S3[a,b] & S3[a,c] holds b = c ; consider F being Function such that A18: ( dom F = B & ( for a being set st a in B holds S3[a,F . a] ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_2(A17, A15); reconsider L = F as T-Sequence by A18, Def7; take L ; ::_thesis: ( dom L = B & ( for B being Ordinal st B in B holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) thus dom L = B by A18; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal st B in B holds L . B = F2((L | B)) let D be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( D in B implies L . D = F2((L | D)) ) assume A19: D in B ; ::_thesis: L . D = F2((L | D)) then consider K being T-Sequence such that A20: K = G . D and A21: F . D = F2(K) by A18; A22: [D,K] in G by A12, A19, A20, FUNCT_1:1; then A23: dom K = D by A11; A24: now__::_thesis:_for_C_being_Ordinal_st_C_in_D_holds_ G_._C_=_K_|_C let C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( C in D implies G . C = K | C ) assume A25: C in D ; ::_thesis: G . C = K | C A26: now__::_thesis:_for_A_being_Ordinal for_L_being_T-Sequence_st_A_=_C_&_L_=_K_|_C_holds_ (_dom_L_=_A_&_(_for_B_being_Ordinal_st_B_in_A_holds_ L_._B_=_F2((L_|_B))_)_) let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: for L being T-Sequence st A = C & L = K | C holds ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) let L be T-Sequence; ::_thesis: ( A = C & L = K | C implies ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) ) assume that A27: A = C and A28: L = K | C ; ::_thesis: ( dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ) ) A29: C c= D by A25, Def2; hence A30: dom L = A by A23, A27, A28, RELAT_1:62; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F2((L | B)) let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( B in A implies L . B = F2((L | B)) ) assume A31: B in A ; ::_thesis: L . B = F2((L | B)) then B c= A by Def2; then A32: K | B = L | B by A27, A28, FUNCT_1:51; K . B = F2((K | B)) by A11, A22, A27, A29, A31; hence L . B = F2((L | B)) by A28, A30, A31, A32, FUNCT_1:47; ::_thesis: verum end; C in B by A19, A25, Th10; then [C,(K | C)] in G by A11, A26; hence G . C = K | C by FUNCT_1:1; ::_thesis: verum end; A33: now__::_thesis:_for_a_being_set_st_a_in_D_holds_ (L_|_D)_._a_=_K_._a let a be set ; ::_thesis: ( a in D implies (L | D) . a = K . a ) assume A34: a in D ; ::_thesis: (L | D) . a = K . a then reconsider A = a as Ordinal by Th13; A35: ( G . A = K | A & (L | D) . A = L . A ) by A24, A34, FUNCT_1:49; ex J being T-Sequence st ( J = G . A & F . A = F2(J) ) by A18, A19, A34, Th10; hence (L | D) . a = K . a by A11, A22, A34, A35; ::_thesis: verum end; D c= dom L by A18, A19, Def2; then dom (L | D) = D by RELAT_1:62; hence L . D = F2((L | D)) by A21, A23, A33, FUNCT_1:2; ::_thesis: verum end; for A being Ordinal holds S1[A] from ORDINAL1:sch_2(A1); then consider L being T-Sequence such that A36: dom L = F1() and A37: for B being Ordinal st B in F1() holds L . B = F2((L | B)) ; take L ; ::_thesis: ( dom L = F1() & ( for B being Ordinal for L1 being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L1 = L | B holds L . B = F2(L1) ) ) thus dom L = F1() by A36; ::_thesis: for B being Ordinal for L1 being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L1 = L | B holds L . B = F2(L1) let B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: for L1 being T-Sequence st B in F1() & L1 = L | B holds L . B = F2(L1) let L1 be T-Sequence; ::_thesis: ( B in F1() & L1 = L | B implies L . B = F2(L1) ) assume ( B in F1() & L1 = L | B ) ; ::_thesis: L . B = F2(L1) hence L . B = F2(L1) by A37; ::_thesis: verum end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 5 FuncTS{ F1() -> T-Sequence, F2( Ordinal) -> set , F3( T-Sequence) -> set } : for B being Ordinal st B in dom F1() holds F1() . B = F3((F1() | B)) provided A1: for A being Ordinal for a being set holds ( a = F2(A) iff ex L being T-Sequence st ( a = F3(L) & dom L = A & ( for B being Ordinal st B in A holds L . B = F3((L | B)) ) ) ) and A2: for A being Ordinal st A in dom F1() holds F1() . A = F2(A) proof consider L being T-Sequence such that F2((dom F1())) = F3(L) and A3: dom L = dom F1() and A4: for B being Ordinal st B in dom F1() holds L . B = F3((L | B)) by A1; now__::_thesis:_for_b_being_set_st_b_in_dom_L_holds_ F1()_._b_=_L_._b let b be set ; ::_thesis: ( b in dom L implies F1() . b = L . b ) assume A5: b in dom L ; ::_thesis: F1() . b = L . b then reconsider B = b as Ordinal by Th13; now__::_thesis:_ex_K_being_number_st_ (_F3((L_|_B))_=_F3(K)_&_dom_K_=_B_&_(_for_C_being_Ordinal_st_C_in_B_holds_ K_._C_=_F3((K_|_C))_)_) take K = L | B; ::_thesis: ( F3((L | B)) = F3(K) & dom K = B & ( for C being Ordinal st C in B holds K . C = F3((K | C)) ) ) thus F3((L | B)) = F3(K) ; ::_thesis: ( dom K = B & ( for C being Ordinal st C in B holds K . C = F3((K | C)) ) ) A6: B c= dom L by A5, Def2; hence dom K = B by RELAT_1:62; ::_thesis: for C being Ordinal st C in B holds K . C = F3((K | C)) let C be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( C in B implies K . C = F3((K | C)) ) assume A7: C in B ; ::_thesis: K . C = F3((K | C)) then C c= B by Def2; then A8: L | C = K | C by FUNCT_1:51; K . C = L . C by A7, FUNCT_1:49; hence K . C = F3((K | C)) by A3, A4, A6, A7, A8; ::_thesis: verum end; then F2(B) = F3((L | B)) by A1 .= L . B by A3, A4, A5 ; hence F1() . b = L . b by A2, A3, A5; ::_thesis: verum end; then F1() = L by A3, FUNCT_1:2; hence for B being Ordinal st B in dom F1() holds F1() . B = F3((F1() | B)) by A4; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:35 for A, B being Ordinal holds ( A c< B or A = B or B c< A ) proof let A, B be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A c< B or A = B or B c< A ) assume that A1: ( not A c< B & not A = B ) and A2: not B c< A ; ::_thesis: contradiction not A c= B by A1, XBOOLE_0:def_8; hence contradiction by A2, XBOOLE_0:def_8; ::_thesis: verum end; begin definition let X be set ; func On X -> set means :Def9: :: ORDINAL1:def 9 for x being set holds ( x in it iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ); existence ex b1 being set st for x being set holds ( x in b1 iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) proof defpred S1[ set ] means $1 is Ordinal; thus ex Y being set st for x being set holds ( x in Y iff ( x in X & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); ::_thesis: verum end; uniqueness for b1, b2 being set st ( for x being set holds ( x in b1 iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) ) & ( for x being set holds ( x in b2 iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) ) holds b1 = b2 proof defpred S1[ set ] means ( $1 in X & $1 is Ordinal ); let Y, Z be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for x being set holds ( x in Y iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) ) & ( for x being set holds ( x in Z iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) ) implies Y = Z ) assume that A1: for x being set holds ( x in Y iff S1[x] ) and A2: for x being set holds ( x in Z iff S1[x] ) ; ::_thesis: Y = Z thus Y = Z from XBOOLE_0:sch_2(A1, A2); ::_thesis: verum end; func Lim X -> set means :: ORDINAL1:def 10 for x being set holds ( x in it iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ); existence ex b1 being set st for x being set holds ( x in b1 iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) proof defpred S1[ set ] means ex A being Ordinal st ( $1 = A & A is limit_ordinal ); thus ex Y being set st for x being set holds ( x in Y iff ( x in X & S1[x] ) ) from XBOOLE_0:sch_1(); ::_thesis: verum end; uniqueness for b1, b2 being set st ( for x being set holds ( x in b1 iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) ) & ( for x being set holds ( x in b2 iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) ) holds b1 = b2 proof defpred S1[ set ] means ( $1 in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( $1 = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ); let Y, Z be set ; ::_thesis: ( ( for x being set holds ( x in Y iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) ) & ( for x being set holds ( x in Z iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) ) implies Y = Z ) assume that A3: for x being set holds ( x in Y iff S1[x] ) and A4: for x being set holds ( x in Z iff S1[x] ) ; ::_thesis: Y = Z thus Y = Z from XBOOLE_0:sch_2(A3, A4); ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem Def9 defines On ORDINAL1:def_9_:_ for X, b2 being set holds ( b2 = On X iff for x being set holds ( x in b2 iff ( x in X & x is Ordinal ) ) ); :: deftheorem defines Lim ORDINAL1:def_10_:_ for X, b2 being set holds ( b2 = Lim X iff for x being set holds ( x in b2 iff ( x in X & ex A being Ordinal st ( x = A & A is limit_ordinal ) ) ) ); theorem Th36: :: ORDINAL1:36 for D being Ordinal ex A being Ordinal st ( D in A & A is limit_ordinal ) proof let D be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ex A being Ordinal st ( D in A & A is limit_ordinal ) consider Field being set such that A1: D in Field and A2: for X, Y being set st X in Field & Y c= X holds Y in Field and A3: for X being set st X in Field holds bool X in Field and for X being set holds ( not X c= Field or X,Field are_equipotent or X in Field ) by ZFMISC_1:112; for X being set st X in On Field holds ( X is Ordinal & X c= On Field ) proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( X in On Field implies ( X is Ordinal & X c= On Field ) ) assume A4: X in On Field ; ::_thesis: ( X is Ordinal & X c= On Field ) then reconsider A = X as Ordinal by Def9; A5: A in Field by A4, Def9; thus X is Ordinal by A4, Def9; ::_thesis: X c= On Field let y be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not y in X or y in On Field ) assume A6: y in X ; ::_thesis: y in On Field then y in A ; then reconsider B = y as Ordinal by Th13; B c= A by A6, Def2; then B in Field by A2, A5; hence y in On Field by Def9; ::_thesis: verum end; then reconsider ON = On Field as Ordinal by Th19; take ON ; ::_thesis: ( D in ON & ON is limit_ordinal ) thus D in ON by A1, Def9; ::_thesis: ON is limit_ordinal for A being Ordinal st A in ON holds succ A in ON proof let A be Ordinal; ::_thesis: ( A in ON implies succ A in ON ) A7: succ A c= bool A proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in succ A or x in bool A ) assume x in succ A ; ::_thesis: x in bool A then ( x in A or x = A ) by Th8; then x c= A by Def2; hence x in bool A ; ::_thesis: verum end; assume A in ON ; ::_thesis: succ A in ON then A in Field by Def9; then bool A in Field by A3; then succ A in Field by A2, A7; hence succ A in ON by Def9; ::_thesis: verum end; hence ON is limit_ordinal by Th28; ::_thesis: verum end; definition func omega -> set means :Def11: :: ORDINAL1:def 11 ( {} in it & it is limit_ordinal & it is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds it c= A ) ); existence ex b1 being set st ( {} in b1 & b1 is limit_ordinal & b1 is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds b1 c= A ) ) proof defpred S1[ Ordinal] means ( {} in $1 & $1 is limit_ordinal ); A1: ex A being Ordinal st S1[A] by Th36; ex C being Ordinal st ( S1[C] & ( for A being Ordinal st S1[A] holds C c= A ) ) from ORDINAL1:sch_1(A1); hence ex b1 being set st ( {} in b1 & b1 is limit_ordinal & b1 is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds b1 c= A ) ) ; ::_thesis: verum end; uniqueness for b1, b2 being set st {} in b1 & b1 is limit_ordinal & b1 is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds b1 c= A ) & {} in b2 & b2 is limit_ordinal & b2 is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds b2 c= A ) holds b1 = b2 proof let B, C be set ; ::_thesis: ( {} in B & B is limit_ordinal & B is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds B c= A ) & {} in C & C is limit_ordinal & C is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds C c= A ) implies B = C ) assume ( {} in B & B is limit_ordinal & B is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds B c= A ) & {} in C & C is limit_ordinal & C is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds C c= A ) ) ; ::_thesis: B = C hence ( B c= C & C c= B ) ; :: according to XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: verum end; end; :: deftheorem Def11 defines omega ORDINAL1:def_11_:_ for b1 being set holds ( b1 = omega iff ( {} in b1 & b1 is limit_ordinal & b1 is ordinal & ( for A being Ordinal st {} in A & A is limit_ordinal holds b1 c= A ) ) ); registration cluster omega -> non empty ordinal ; coherence ( not omega is empty & omega is ordinal ) by Def11; end; definition let A be set ; attrA is natural means :Def12: :: ORDINAL1:def 12 A in omega ; end; :: deftheorem Def12 defines natural ORDINAL1:def_12_:_ for A being set holds ( A is natural iff A in omega ); registration cluster natural for number ; existence ex b1 being number st b1 is natural proof take n = the Element of omega ; ::_thesis: n is natural thus n in omega ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_12 ::_thesis: verum end; end; definition mode Nat is natural number ; end; registration natural number ex b1 being number st for b2 being natural number holds b2 in b1 proof take omega ; ::_thesis: for b1 being natural number holds b1 in omega let y be Nat; ::_thesis: y in omega thus y in omega by Def12; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let A be Ordinal; cluster -> ordinal for Element of A; coherence for b1 being Element of A holds b1 is ordinal proof let x be Element of A; ::_thesis: x is ordinal ( A is empty or not A is empty ) ; hence x is ordinal by Th13, SUBSET_1:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster natural -> ordinal for number ; coherence for b1 being number st b1 is natural holds b1 is ordinal proof let n be number ; ::_thesis: ( n is natural implies n is ordinal ) assume n is natural ; ::_thesis: n is ordinal then reconsider n = n as Element of omega by Def12; n is ordinal ; hence n is ordinal ; ::_thesis: verum end; end; scheme :: ORDINAL1:sch 6 ALFA{ F1() -> non empty set , P1[ set , set ] } : ex F being Function st ( dom F = F1() & ( for d being Element of F1() ex A being Ordinal st ( A = F . d & P1[d,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[d,B] holds A c= B ) ) ) ) provided A1: for d being Element of F1() ex A being Ordinal st P1[d,A] proof defpred S1[ set , set ] means ex A being Ordinal st ( A = $2 & P1[$1,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[$1,B] holds A c= B ) ); A2: for x being set st x in F1() holds ex y being set st S1[x,y] proof let x be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in F1() implies ex y being set st S1[x,y] ) assume x in F1() ; ::_thesis: ex y being set st S1[x,y] then reconsider d = x as Element of F1() ; defpred S2[ Ordinal] means P1[d,$1]; A3: ex A being Ordinal st S2[A] by A1; consider A being Ordinal such that A4: ( S2[A] & ( for B being Ordinal st S2[B] holds A c= B ) ) from ORDINAL1:sch_1(A3); reconsider y = A as set ; take y ; ::_thesis: S1[x,y] take A ; ::_thesis: ( A = y & P1[x,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[x,B] holds A c= B ) ) thus ( A = y & P1[x,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[x,B] holds A c= B ) ) by A4; ::_thesis: verum end; A5: for x, y, z being set st x in F1() & S1[x,y] & S1[x,z] holds y = z proof let x, y, z be set ; ::_thesis: ( x in F1() & S1[x,y] & S1[x,z] implies y = z ) assume x in F1() ; ::_thesis: ( not S1[x,y] or not S1[x,z] or y = z ) given A1 being Ordinal such that A6: A1 = y and A7: ( P1[x,A1] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[x,B] holds A1 c= B ) ) ; ::_thesis: ( not S1[x,z] or y = z ) given A2 being Ordinal such that A8: A2 = z and A9: ( P1[x,A2] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[x,B] holds A2 c= B ) ) ; ::_thesis: y = z ( A1 c= A2 & A2 c= A1 ) by A7, A9; hence y = z by A6, A8, XBOOLE_0:def_10; ::_thesis: verum end; consider F being Function such that A10: ( dom F = F1() & ( for x being set st x in F1() holds S1[x,F . x] ) ) from FUNCT_1:sch_2(A5, A2); take F ; ::_thesis: ( dom F = F1() & ( for d being Element of F1() ex A being Ordinal st ( A = F . d & P1[d,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[d,B] holds A c= B ) ) ) ) thus dom F = F1() by A10; ::_thesis: for d being Element of F1() ex A being Ordinal st ( A = F . d & P1[d,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[d,B] holds A c= B ) ) let d be Element of F1(); ::_thesis: ex A being Ordinal st ( A = F . d & P1[d,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[d,B] holds A c= B ) ) thus ex A being Ordinal st ( A = F . d & P1[d,A] & ( for B being Ordinal st P1[d,B] holds A c= B ) ) by A10; ::_thesis: verum end; theorem :: ORDINAL1:37 for X being set holds (succ X) \ {X} = X proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: (succ X) \ {X} = X thus (succ X) \ {X} c= X :: according to XBOOLE_0:def_10 ::_thesis: X c= (succ X) \ {X} proof let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in (succ X) \ {X} or x in X ) assume A1: x in (succ X) \ {X} ; ::_thesis: x in X then A2: not x in {X} by XBOOLE_0:def_5; ( x in X or x = X ) by A1, Th8; hence x in X by A2, TARSKI:def_1; ::_thesis: verum end; let x be set ; :: according to TARSKI:def_3 ::_thesis: ( not x in X or x in (succ X) \ {X} ) assume A3: x in X ; ::_thesis: x in (succ X) \ {X} then x <> X ; then A4: not x in {X} by TARSKI:def_1; x in succ X by A3, Th8; hence x in (succ X) \ {X} by A4, XBOOLE_0:def_5; ::_thesis: verum end; registration cluster empty -> natural for number ; coherence for b1 being number st b1 is empty holds b1 is natural proof {} in omega by Def11; hence for b1 being number st b1 is empty holds b1 is natural by Def12; ::_thesis: verum end; cluster -> natural for Element of omega ; coherence for b1 being Element of omega holds b1 is natural by Def12; end; registration cluster non empty natural for number ; existence ex b1 being number st ( not b1 is empty & b1 is natural ) proof take succ {} ; ::_thesis: ( not succ {} is empty & succ {} is natural ) thus not succ {} is empty ; ::_thesis: succ {} is natural ( omega is limit_ordinal & {} in omega ) by Def11; hence succ {} in omega by Th28; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_12 ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let a be natural Ordinal; cluster succ a -> natural ; coherence succ a is natural proof ( omega is limit_ordinal & a in omega ) by Def11, Def12; hence succ a in omega by Th28; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_12 ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration cluster empty -> c=-linear for number ; coherence for b1 being set st b1 is empty holds b1 is c=-linear proof let X be set ; ::_thesis: ( X is empty implies X is c=-linear ) assume A1: X is empty ; ::_thesis: X is c=-linear let x be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_8 ::_thesis: for y being set st x in X & y in X holds x,y are_c=-comparable thus for y being set st x in X & y in X holds x,y are_c=-comparable by A1; ::_thesis: verum end; end; registration let X be c=-linear set ; cluster -> c=-linear for Element of bool X; coherence for b1 being Subset of X holds b1 is c=-linear proof let Y be Subset of X; ::_thesis: Y is c=-linear let x, y be set ; :: according to ORDINAL1:def_8 ::_thesis: ( x in Y & y in Y implies x,y are_c=-comparable ) assume ( x in Y & y in Y ) ; ::_thesis: x,y are_c=-comparable hence x,y are_c=-comparable by Def8; ::_thesis: verum end; end;