Let be a smooth map and consider the pull-back . We define a -section of by a map such that
(3.2) |
i.e., a section of the pull-back bundle . If is holomorphic and is holomorphic, then we say that is a holomorphic -section of along , or just a holomorphic multi-section.
We say that the pair of graded vector spaces is an algebra over the operad if is a Lie algebra, is a module over and is equipped with a degree unary operation satisfying the equations
(2.29) |
and
(2.30) |
where is the action of on .
A dialgebra over is a vector space over along with two -linear maps called left and called right satisfying the following axioms :
(2.1.1) |
for all .
Suppose and are root systems. Then is an “embedding” if (a) it is a 1-1 function from to , and (b)
for all such that .
An algebra is a complex vector space equipped with an associative multiplication satisfying the following laws:
for all in and all in .
Let be an algebra. A unit in is a non-zero element of such that
for all in . One says that is a unital algebra if has a unit.
Let be a vector space with a symmetric nondegenerate odd bilinear form , so that is a symplectic vector space. A cyclic -structure on is an element , that is an element satisfying the classical master equation
We shall denote the corresponding cyclic -algebra by .
Let be a field, and let be a cubic polynomial. We will say that is in normal form if either
(4.1) |
or
(4.2) |
A Bol algebra is a vector space over a field of which is closed with respect a trilinear operation and with additional bilinear skew-symetric operation satisfying:
for all , , , ,and in .
A vector space is a Bol module if for all in and in , the following properties are true:
Let be a semigroup. An element is said to be an inverse of if
An inverse semigroup is a semigroup such that for all there is a unique inverse of , which we shall denote by . Equivalently, an inverse semigroup is a semigroup for which each element has an inverse and for which any two idempotents commute (see [ 4 ] ). The set of idempotents is denoted by . An inverse monoid is an inverse semigroup that has a multiplicative unit, which we shall denote by .
Let . A (generalized) quaternion algebra over is a -dimensional -vector space with -basis , whose ring structure is determined by
(2) |
We denote this algebra by . Its elements are called quaternions .
Let . The six-dimensional quadratic form
over is called the Albert form of .
Let be a supported -module. The support is called stable , and the module is said to be stably supported , if in addition the support is -equivariant; that is, the following condition holds for all and :
Let , , be a filtration of partitions of .
(i) Let be a function on with values in . The function is called a stopping time (relative to the filtration) if, for each , the set
is either empty or else is the union of some elements of .
(ii) For a function and , we denote
We read as “ given ”, continuing to borrow the terminology from probability theory. If we are also given a stopping time , we let
for those for which and otherwise.
Given two hyperreal numbers and we say that they have the same order if and are bounded numbers and we will write
(notice the difference between and since these symbols will be largely used in the rest of this paper). We say that has a larger order than if is an infinite number and we will write
We say that has a smaller order than if is an infinitesimal number and we will write
the Type I relation:
the Type II relation:
Define and
(66) | |||
(67) |
Let be a smooth manifold. A Poisson structure on is a Lie bracket on such that each operator is a derivation on functions, i.e.
A Poisson manifold is a manifold endowed with a Poisson structure.
A 2-Hilbert space is an abelian Hilb-category , equipped with antilinear maps for all , such that
,
,
,
whenever both sides of the equation are defined.
We call odd composite number overpseudoprime to base 2 if
(5) |