:: Some Properties of the Intervals
:: by J\'ozef Bia\las
::
:: Received February 5, 1994
:: Copyright (c) 1994-2012 Association of Mizar Users


theorem :: MEASURE6:1
ex F being sequence of [:NAT,NAT:] st
( F is one-to-one & dom F = NAT & rng F = [:NAT,NAT:] )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:2
for F being sequence of ExtREAL st F is nonnegative holds
0. <= SUM F
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:3
for F being sequence of ExtREAL
for x being R_eal st ex n being Element of NAT st x <= F . n & F is nonnegative holds
x <= SUM F
proof end;

definition
end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:4
for eps being ExtReal st 0. < eps holds
ex F being sequence of ExtREAL st
( ( for n being Element of NAT holds 0. < F . n ) & SUM F < eps )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:5
for eps being ExtReal
for X being non empty Subset of ExtREAL st 0. < eps & inf X is Real holds
ex x being ExtReal st
( x in X & x < (inf X) + eps )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:6
for eps being ExtReal
for X being non empty Subset of ExtREAL st 0. < eps & sup X is Real holds
ex x being ExtReal st
( x in X & (sup X) - eps < x )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:7
for F being sequence of ExtREAL st F is nonnegative & SUM F < +infty holds
for n being Element of NAT holds F . n in REAL
proof end;

:: PROPERTIES OF THE INTERVALS
registration
cluster non empty complex-membered ext-real-membered real-membered interval for Element of bool REAL;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of REAL st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is interval )
proof end;
end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:8
for A being non empty Interval
for a being ExtReal st ex b being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = ].a,b.[ ) holds
a = inf A by XXREAL_1:28, XXREAL_2:28;

theorem :: MEASURE6:9
for A being non empty Interval
for a being ExtReal st ex b being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = ].a,b.] ) holds
a = inf A by XXREAL_1:26, XXREAL_2:27;

theorem :: MEASURE6:10
for A being non empty Interval
for a being ExtReal st ex b being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = [.a,b.] ) holds
a = inf A by XXREAL_2:25;

theorem Th11: :: MEASURE6:11
for A being non empty Interval
for a being ExtReal st ex b being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = [.a,b.[ ) holds
a = inf A
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:12
for A being non empty Interval
for b being ExtReal st ex a being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = ].a,b.[ ) holds
b = sup A by XXREAL_1:28, XXREAL_2:32;

theorem Th13: :: MEASURE6:13
for A being non empty Interval
for b being ExtReal st ex a being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = ].a,b.] ) holds
b = sup A
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:14
for A being non empty Interval
for b being ExtReal st ex a being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = [.a,b.] ) holds
b = sup A by XXREAL_2:29;

theorem Th15: :: MEASURE6:15
for A being non empty Interval
for b being ExtReal st ex a being ExtReal st
( a <= b & A = [.a,b.[ ) holds
b = sup A
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:16
for A being non empty Interval st A is open_interval holds
A = ].(inf A),(sup A).[
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:17
for A being non empty Interval st A is closed_interval holds
A = [.(inf A),(sup A).]
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:18
for A being non empty Interval st A is right_open_interval holds
A = [.(inf A),(sup A).[
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:19
for A being non empty Interval st A is left_open_interval holds
A = ].(inf A),(sup A).]
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:20
for A, B being non empty Interval
for a, b being Real st a in A & b in B & sup A <= inf B holds
a <= b
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:21
for A, B being real-membered set
for y being Real holds
( y in B ++ A iff ex x, z being Real st
( x in B & z in A & y = x + z ) )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:22
for A, B being non empty Interval st sup A = inf B & ( sup A in A or inf B in B ) holds
A \/ B is Interval by XXREAL_2:def 5, XXREAL_2:def 6, XXREAL_2:90, XXREAL_2:91;

definition
let A be real-membered set ;
let x be Real;
:: original: ++
redefine func x ++ A -> Subset of REAL;
coherence
x ++ A is Subset of REAL by MEMBERED:3;
end;

Lm1: for A being real-membered set
for x, y being Real holds
( y in x ++ A iff ex z being Real st
( z in A & y = x + z ) )
proof end;

theorem Th23: :: MEASURE6:23
for A being Subset of REAL
for x being Real holds (- x) ++ (x ++ A) = A
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:24
for x being Real
for A being Subset of REAL st A = REAL holds
x ++ A = A
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:25
for x being Real holds x ++ {} = {} ;

theorem Th26: :: MEASURE6:26
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds
( A is open_interval iff x ++ A is open_interval )
proof end;

theorem Th27: :: MEASURE6:27
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds
( A is closed_interval iff x ++ A is closed_interval )
proof end;

theorem Th28: :: MEASURE6:28
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds
( A is right_open_interval iff x ++ A is right_open_interval )
proof end;

theorem Th29: :: MEASURE6:29
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds
( A is left_open_interval iff x ++ A is left_open_interval )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:30
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds x ++ A is Interval
proof end;

theorem Th31: :: MEASURE6:31
for A being real-membered set
for x being Real
for y being R_eal st x = y holds
sup (x ++ A) = y + (sup A)
proof end;

theorem Th32: :: MEASURE6:32
for A being real-membered set
for x being Real
for y being R_eal st x = y holds
inf (x ++ A) = y + (inf A)
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:33
for A being Interval
for x being Real holds diameter A = diameter (x ++ A)
proof end;

notation
let X be set ;
synonym without_zero X for with_non-empty_elements ;
antonym with_zero X for with_non-empty_elements ;
end;

definition
let X be set ;
redefine attr X is with_non-empty_elements means :Def1: :: MEASURE6:def 1
 not 0 in X;
compatibility
( X is without_zero iff not 0 in X ) by SETFAM_1:def 8;
end;

:: deftheorem Def1 defines without_zero MEASURE6:def 1 :
for X being set holds
( X is without_zero iff not 0 in X );

registration
cluster REAL -> with_zero ;
coherence
not REAL is without_zero by Def1, XREAL_0:def 1;
cluster omega -> with_zero ;
coherence
not NAT is without_zero by Def1;
end;

registration
cluster non empty without_zero for set ;
existence
ex b1 being set st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is without_zero )
proof end;
cluster non empty with_zero for set ;
existence
ex b1 being set st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is with_zero ) by Def1;
end;

registration
cluster non empty complex-membered ext-real-membered real-membered without_zero for Element of bool REAL;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of REAL st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is without_zero )
proof end;
cluster non empty complex-membered ext-real-membered real-membered with_zero for Element of bool REAL;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of REAL st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is with_zero )
proof end;
end;

theorem Th34: :: MEASURE6:34
for F being set st not F is empty & F is with_non-empty_elements & F is c=-linear holds
F is centered
proof end;

registration
let F be set ;
cluster c=-linear non empty with_non-empty_elements -> centered for Element of bool (bool F);
coherence
for b1 being Subset-Family of F st not b1 is empty & b1 is with_non-empty_elements & b1 is c=-linear holds
b1 is centered by Th34;
end;

registration
let X, Y be non empty set ;
let f be Function of X,Y;
cluster f .: X -> non empty ;
coherence
not f .: X is empty
proof end;
end;

definition
let X, Y be set ;
let f be Function of X,Y;
func " f -> Function of (bool Y),(bool X) means :Def2: :: MEASURE6:def 2
 for y being Subset of Y holds it . y = f " y;
existence
ex b1 being Function of (bool Y),(bool X) st
for y being Subset of Y holds b1 . y = f " y
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being Function of (bool Y),(bool X) st ( for y being Subset of Y holds b1 . y = f " y ) & ( for y being Subset of Y holds b2 . y = f " y ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def2 defines " MEASURE6:def 2 :
for X, Y being set
for f being Function of X,Y
for b4 being Function of (bool Y),(bool X) holds
( b4 = " f iff for y being Subset of Y holds b4 . y = f " y );

theorem :: MEASURE6:35
for X, Y, x being set
for S being Subset-Family of Y
for f being Function of X,Y st x in meet ((" f) .: S) holds
f . x in meet S
proof end;

theorem Th36: :: MEASURE6:36
for r, s being Real st |.r.| + |.s.| = 0 holds
r = 0
proof end;

theorem Th37: :: MEASURE6:37
for r, s, t being Real st r < s & s < t holds
|.s.| < |.r.| + |.t.|
proof end;

theorem Th38: :: MEASURE6:38
for seq being Real_Sequence st seq is convergent & seq is non-zero & lim seq = 0 holds
not seq " is bounded
proof end;

theorem Th39: :: MEASURE6:39
for seq being Real_Sequence holds
( rng seq is real-bounded iff seq is bounded )
proof end;

notation
let X be real-membered set ;
synonym with_max X for right_end ;
synonym with_min X for left_end ;
end;

definition
let X be real-membered set ;
redefine attr X is right_end means :: MEASURE6:def 3
( X is bounded_above & upper_bound X in X );
compatibility
( X is with_max iff ( X is bounded_above & upper_bound X in X ) )
proof end;
redefine attr X is left_end means :: MEASURE6:def 4
( X is bounded_below & lower_bound X in X );
compatibility
( X is with_min iff ( X is bounded_below & lower_bound X in X ) )
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem defines with_max MEASURE6:def 3 :
for X being real-membered set holds
( X is with_max iff ( X is bounded_above & upper_bound X in X ) );

:: deftheorem defines with_min MEASURE6:def 4 :
for X being real-membered set holds
( X is with_min iff ( X is bounded_below & lower_bound X in X ) );

registration
cluster non empty complex-membered ext-real-membered real-membered real-bounded closed for Element of bool REAL;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of REAL st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is closed & b1 is real-bounded )
proof end;
end;

definition
let R be Subset-Family of REAL;
attr R is open means :: MEASURE6:def 5
 for X being Subset of REAL st X in R holds
X is open ;
attr R is closed means :Def6: :: MEASURE6:def 6
 for X being Subset of REAL st X in R holds
X is closed ;
end;

:: deftheorem defines open MEASURE6:def 5 :
for R being Subset-Family of REAL holds
( R is open iff for X being Subset of REAL st X in R holds
X is open );

:: deftheorem Def6 defines closed MEASURE6:def 6 :
for R being Subset-Family of REAL holds
( R is closed iff for X being Subset of REAL st X in R holds
X is closed );

definition
let X be Subset of REAL;
:: original: --
redefine func -- X -> Subset of REAL;
coherence
-- X is Subset of REAL by MEMBERED:3;
end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:40
for r being Real
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( r in X iff - r in -- X ) by MEMBER_1:11;

Lm2: for X being Subset of REAL st X is bounded_above holds
-- X is bounded_below
proof end;

Lm3: for X being Subset of REAL st X is bounded_below holds
-- X is bounded_above
proof end;

theorem Th41: :: MEASURE6:41
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( X is bounded_above iff -- X is bounded_below )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:42
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( X is bounded_below iff -- X is bounded_above )
proof end;

theorem Th43: :: MEASURE6:43
for X being non empty Subset of REAL st X is bounded_below holds
lower_bound X = - (upper_bound (-- X))
proof end;

theorem Th44: :: MEASURE6:44
for X being non empty Subset of REAL st X is bounded_above holds
upper_bound X = - (lower_bound (-- X))
proof end;

Lm4: for X being Subset of REAL st X is closed holds
-- X is closed
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:45
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( X is closed iff -- X is closed )
proof end;

Lm5: for X being Subset of REAL
for p being Real holds p ++ X = { (p + r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in X }
proof end;

theorem Th46: :: MEASURE6:46
for r being Real
for X being Subset of REAL
for q3 being Real holds
( r in X iff q3 + r in q3 ++ X )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:47
for X being Subset of REAL holds X = 0 ++ X by MEMBER_1:146;

theorem :: MEASURE6:48
for X being Subset of REAL
for q3, p3 being Real holds q3 ++ (p3 ++ X) = (q3 + p3) ++ X by MEMBER_1:147;

Lm6: for X being Subset of REAL
for s being Real st X is bounded_above holds
s ++ X is bounded_above
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:49
for X being Subset of REAL
for q3 being Real holds
( X is bounded_above iff q3 ++ X is bounded_above )
proof end;

Lm7: for X being Subset of REAL
for p being Real st X is bounded_below holds
p ++ X is bounded_below
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:50
for X being Subset of REAL
for q3 being Real holds
( X is bounded_below iff q3 ++ X is bounded_below )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:51
for q3 being Real
for X being non empty Subset of REAL st X is bounded_below holds
lower_bound (q3 ++ X) = q3 + (lower_bound X)
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:52
for q3 being Real
for X being non empty Subset of REAL st X is bounded_above holds
upper_bound (q3 ++ X) = q3 + (upper_bound X)
proof end;

Lm8: for q3 being Real
for X being Subset of REAL st X is closed holds
q3 ++ X is closed
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:53
for X being Subset of REAL
for q3 being Real holds
( X is closed iff q3 ++ X is closed )
proof end;

definition
let X be Subset of REAL;
func Inv X -> Subset of REAL equals :: MEASURE6:def 7
 { (1 / r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in X } ;
coherence
{ (1 / r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in X } is Subset of REAL
proof end;
involutiveness
for b1, b2 being Subset of REAL st b1 = { (1 / r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in b2 } holds
b2 = { (1 / r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in b1 }
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem defines Inv MEASURE6:def 7 :
for X being Subset of REAL holds Inv X = { (1 / r3) where r3 is Real : r3 in X } ;

theorem Th54: :: MEASURE6:54
for r being Real
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( r in X iff 1 / r in Inv X )
proof end;

registration
let X be non empty Subset of REAL;
cluster Inv X -> non empty ;
coherence
not Inv X is empty
proof end;
end;

registration
let X be without_zero Subset of REAL;
cluster Inv X -> without_zero ;
coherence
Inv X is without_zero
proof end;
end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:55
for X being without_zero Subset of REAL st X is closed & X is real-bounded holds
Inv X is closed
proof end;

theorem Th56: :: MEASURE6:56
for Z being Subset-Family of REAL st Z is closed holds
meet Z is closed
proof end;

definition
let X be Subset of REAL;
func Cl X -> Subset of REAL equals :: MEASURE6:def 8
 meet { A where A is Subset of REAL : ( X c= A & A is closed ) } ;
coherence
meet { A where A is Subset of REAL : ( X c= A & A is closed ) } is Subset of REAL
proof end;
projectivity
for b1, b2 being Subset of REAL st b1 = meet { A where A is Subset of REAL : ( b2 c= A & A is closed ) } holds
b1 = meet { A where A is Subset of REAL : ( b1 c= A & A is closed ) }
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem defines Cl MEASURE6:def 8 :
for X being Subset of REAL holds Cl X = meet { A where A is Subset of REAL : ( X c= A & A is closed ) } ;

registration
let X be Subset of REAL;
cluster Cl X -> closed ;
coherence
Cl X is closed
proof end;
end;

theorem Th57: :: MEASURE6:57
for X being Subset of REAL
for Y being closed Subset of REAL st X c= Y holds
Cl X c= Y
proof end;

theorem Th58: :: MEASURE6:58
for X being Subset of REAL holds X c= Cl X
proof end;

theorem Th59: :: MEASURE6:59
for X being Subset of REAL holds
( X is closed iff X = Cl X )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:60
Cl ({} REAL) = {} by Th59;

theorem :: MEASURE6:61
Cl ([#] REAL) = REAL by Th59;

theorem :: MEASURE6:62
for X, Y being Subset of REAL st X c= Y holds
Cl X c= Cl Y
proof end;

theorem Th63: :: MEASURE6:63
for X being Subset of REAL
for r3 being Real holds
( r3 in Cl X iff for O being open Subset of REAL st r3 in O holds
not O /\ X is empty )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:64
for X being Subset of REAL
for r3 being Real st r3 in Cl X holds
ex seq being Real_Sequence st
( rng seq c= X & seq is convergent & lim seq = r3 )
proof end;

definition
let X be set ;
let f be Function of X,REAL;
:: original: bounded_below
redefine attr f is bounded_below means :: MEASURE6:def 9
f .: X is bounded_below ;
compatibility
( f is bounded_below iff f .: X is bounded_below )
proof end;
:: original: bounded_above
redefine attr f is bounded_above means :: MEASURE6:def 10
f .: X is bounded_above ;
compatibility
( f is bounded_above iff f .: X is bounded_above )
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem defines bounded_below MEASURE6:def 9 :
for X being set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is bounded_below iff f .: X is bounded_below );

:: deftheorem defines bounded_above MEASURE6:def 10 :
for X being set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is bounded_above iff f .: X is bounded_above );

definition
let X be set ;
let f be Function of X,REAL;
attr f is with_max means :: MEASURE6:def 11
f .: X is with_max ;
attr f is with_min means :: MEASURE6:def 12
f .: X is with_min ;
end;

:: deftheorem defines with_max MEASURE6:def 11 :
for X being set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is with_max iff f .: X is with_max );

:: deftheorem defines with_min MEASURE6:def 12 :
for X being set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is with_min iff f .: X is with_min );

theorem Th65: :: MEASURE6:65
for X, A being set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds (- f) .: A = -- (f .: A)
proof end;

Lm9: for X being non empty set
for f being Function of X,REAL st f is with_max holds
- f is with_min
proof end;

Lm10: for X being non empty set
for f being Function of X,REAL st f is with_min holds
- f is with_max
proof end;

theorem Th66: :: MEASURE6:66
for X being non empty set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is with_min iff - f is with_max )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:67
for X being non empty set
for f being Function of X,REAL holds
( f is with_max iff - f is with_min )
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:68
for X being set
for A being Subset of REAL
for f being Function of X,REAL holds (- f) " A = f " (-- A)
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:69
for X, A being set
for f being Function of X,REAL
for s being Real holds (s + f) .: A = s ++ (f .: A)
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:70
for X being set
for A being Subset of REAL
for f being Function of X,REAL
for q3 being Real holds (q3 + f) " A = f " ((- q3) ++ A)
proof end;

notation
let f be real-valued Function;
synonym Inv f for f " ;
end;

definition
let C be set ;
let D be real-membered set ;
let f be PartFunc of C,D;
:: original: Inv
redefine func Inv f -> PartFunc of C,REAL;
coherence
Inv f is PartFunc of C,REAL
proof end;
end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:71
for X being set
for A being without_zero Subset of REAL
for f being Function of X,REAL holds (Inv f) " A = f " (Inv A)
proof end;

theorem :: MEASURE6:72
for A being Subset of REAL
for x being Real st x in -- A holds
ex a being Real st
( a in A & x = - a )
proof end;